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Tables of Contents for Design of Medical Electronic Devices
Proper Design of Power Subsystems in Medical Electronics
3
30
Electromagnetic Interference Requirements
3
1
Transient Voltage Protection
3
5
Electromagnetic Interference
8
4
Electromagnetic Interference Requirement8
4
Inrush Current Control
12
1
Overvoltage Protection
14
1
Undervoltage Protection
14
2
Flightback Switch Mode Power Supplies
22
2
Half-Bridge Flyback Converter
24
2
High-Voltage Defibrillators
28
5
References30
3
Fundamentals of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
33
24
Early History of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
33
4
A More Detailed Overview of MRI
40
10
The Physics of Spin41
9
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hardware Design
50
3
Pulsing and NMR Imaging
53
4
References56
1
Particle Accelerator Design
57
18
Linear RF Accelerators
63
1
Particles Accelerated by a Magnetic Field
64
2
Accelerator Architecture
70
5
Traveling Wave Accelerator System71
1
Standing Wave Accelerator71
3
References74
1
Sensor Characteristics
75
34
Physical Principles of Sensing
78
1
Signal-Conditioning Amplifiers
84
2
Noise84
2
Instrumentation Amplifiers
86
2
Chopper-Stabilized Amplifiers
88
1
Strain, Force, Pressure, and Flow Sensors
90
3
High-Impedance Sensors
93
2
High-Impedance Charge Output
95
1
Charge-Coupled Device Sensors
95
3
Position and Motion Sensors
98
6
Linear Variable Differential Transformers98
2
Hall Effect Magnetic Sensors100
2
Optical Encoders102
1
Accelerometers102
2
References107
2
Sample and Hold Conversion
110
1
Multichannel Acquisition
111
1
High-Speed Sampling in ADCs
112
4
Selection of Drive Amplifier for ADC Performance
116
2
Driving ADCs with Switched Capacitor Inputs
118
2
Gain Setting and Level Shifting
120
2
High-Speed Sampling ADC External Reference Voltage Generation
122
1
Noise Considerations in High-Speed Sampling ADCs
124
4
Multichannel Applications for Data Acquisition Systems
128
3
External Protection of Amplifiers
131
4
High-Speed ADC Architectures
135
8
Basic Flash Converter Operation135
1
Driving Flash Converters135
3
Successive Approximation ADCs138
1
Subranging ADCs139
2
References141
2
Noise and Interference Issues in Analog Circuits
143
42
Basic Noise Calculation in Op-Amps
143
3
Thermal Noise144
2
Fundamental Op-Amp Specifications
146
5
The Noise Gain of Op-Amps
152
1
Slew Rate and Power Bandwidth of Op-Amps
152
1
Gain-Bandwidth Products
153
1
Internal Noise in Op-Amps
154
3
Noise Issues in High-Speed ADC Applications
157
2
Proper Power Supply Decoupling
159
3
Bypass Capacitors and Resonances
162
4
Usage of Two or More Bypass Capacitors
166
2
Designing Power Bus Rails in Power-Ground Planes for Noise Control
168
3
The Effect of Trace Resistance
171
5
ASIC Signal Integrity Issues (Ground Bounce)
176
3
Crosstalk through PC Card Pins
179
2
Parasitic Extraction and Verification Tools for ASIC
181
4
References183
2
Hardware Approach to Digital Signal Processing
185
52
Discrete Fast Fourier Transform
185
1
Determining the Proper FFT Record Length
186
2
Coherent and Noncoherent Sampling
188
1
Coherent vs Noncoherent Sampling
189
2
Ultrasound Application
191
3
Discrete Time Sampling of Analog Signals
194
2
Digital Signal Processing Techniques
196
1
Finite Impulse Response Digital Filters
197
3
Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filters
200
2
Fast Fourier Transform
202
2
FFT Hardware Implementation
204
30
DSP Hardware205
2
Arithmetic Logic Unit207
1
Multiplier-Accumulator208
2
Shifter210
1
Data Address Generators211
1
Program Sequencer212
1
Serial Ports213
1
System Interface214
1
Interfacing ADCs and DACs to Digital Signal Processors214
3
Parallel ADC-to-DSP Interface217
3
Parallel Interfacing to DSP Processors: Writing Data to Memory-Mapped DACs220
1
Parallel DAC-to-DSP Interface220
3
Serial Interfacing to DSP Processors223
2
Serial ADC-to-DSP Interface225
2
Serial DAC-to-DSP Interface227
2
Interfacing I--O Ports and CODECs to DSPs229
4
Serial versus Parallel DSP Interface Summary233
1
Practical Use of DSP: DSP Helps the Hearing Impaired
234
3
References236
1
Charge-Coupled Devices
237
5
CCD Arrays240
1
Interline Transfer240
2
Classification and Features of Optical Fibers244
7
Analysis of Optical Fibers
251
6
The Step-Index Fiber251
6
The Graded-Index Fiber
257
2
CT Scanners in Medicine
259
4
Sectional Imaging261
2
Digital Imaging263
1
Medical Sensors from Fiber Optics
268
7
Fiber Optics for Circulatory and Respiratory Systems269
4
References273
2
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