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Tables of Contents for Design of Medical Electronic Devices
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction
1
2
Proper Design of Power Subsystems in Medical Electronics
3
30
Electromagnetic Interference Requirements
3
1
Transient Voltage Protection
3
5
Electromagnetic Interference
8
4
Electromagnetic Interference Requirement
8
4
Inrush Current Control
12
1
Soft Start
13
1
Overvoltage Protection
14
1
Undervoltage Protection
14
2
Overload Protection
16
1
Snubber Circuits
17
2
Output Filtering
19
2
Power Failure Warning
21
1
Flightback Switch Mode Power Supplies
22
2
Half-Bridge Flyback Converter
24
2
Forward Converter
26
2
High-Voltage Defibrillators
28
5
References
30
3
Fundamentals of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
33
24
Early History of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
33
4
General Review of MRI
37
3
A More Detailed Overview of MRI
40
10
The Physics of Spin
41
9
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hardware Design
50
3
Pulsing and NMR Imaging
53
4
References
56
1
Particle Accelerator Design
57
18
Introduction
57
3
Heavy Particles
60
1
Particle Accelerators
60
3
Linear RF Accelerators
63
1
Particles Accelerated by a Magnetic Field
64
2
Synchrotrons
66
1
Accelerator Hardware
67
2
Magnetrons
69
1
Accelerator Architecture
70
5
Traveling Wave Accelerator System
71
1
Standing Wave Accelerator
71
3
References
74
1
Sensor Characteristics
75
34
Sensor Parameters
75
3
Physical Principles of Sensing
78
1
Sensor Interfacing
79
1
Driving Bridges
80
4
Signal-Conditioning Amplifiers
84
2
Noise
84
2
Instrumentation Amplifiers
86
2
Chopper-Stabilized Amplifiers
88
1
Isolation Amplifier
89
1
Strain, Force, Pressure, and Flow Sensors
90
3
High-Impedance Sensors
93
2
High-Impedance Charge Output
95
1
Charge-Coupled Device Sensors
95
3
Position and Motion Sensors
98
6
Linear Variable Differential Transformers
98
2
Hall Effect Magnetic Sensors
100
2
Optical Encoders
102
1
Accelerometers
102
2
Temperature Sensors
104
5
References
107
2
Data Acquisition
109
34
Introduction
109
1
Sample and Hold Conversion
110
1
Multichannel Acquisition
111
1
High-Speed Sampling in ADCs
112
4
Selection of Drive Amplifier for ADC Performance
116
2
Driving ADCs with Switched Capacitor Inputs
118
2
Gain Setting and Level Shifting
120
2
High-Speed Sampling ADC External Reference Voltage Generation
122
1
ADC Input Protection
123
1
Noise Considerations in High-Speed Sampling ADCs
124
4
Multichannel Applications for Data Acquisition Systems
128
3
External Protection of Amplifiers
131
4
High-Speed ADC Architectures
135
8
Basic Flash Converter Operation
135
1
Driving Flash Converters
135
3
Successive Approximation ADCs
138
1
Subranging ADCs
139
2
References
141
2
Noise and Interference Issues in Analog Circuits
143
42
Basic Noise Calculation in Op-Amps
143
3
Thermal Noise
144
2
Fundamental Op-Amp Specifications
146
5
Input Offset Voltage
151
1
The Noise Gain of Op-Amps
152
1
Slew Rate and Power Bandwidth of Op-Amps
152
1
Gain-Bandwidth Products
153
1
Internal Noise in Op-Amps
154
3
Noise Issues in High-Speed ADC Applications
157
2
Proper Power Supply Decoupling
159
3
Bypass Capacitors and Resonances
162
4
Usage of Two or More Bypass Capacitors
166
2
Designing Power Bus Rails in Power-Ground Planes for Noise Control
168
3
The Effect of Trace Resistance
171
5
ASIC Signal Integrity Issues (Ground Bounce)
176
3
Crosstalk through PC Card Pins
179
2
Parasitic Extraction and Verification Tools for ASIC
181
4
References
183
2
Hardware Approach to Digital Signal Processing
185
52
Discrete Fast Fourier Transform
185
1
Determining the Proper FFT Record Length
186
2
Coherent and Noncoherent Sampling
188
1
Coherent vs Noncoherent Sampling
189
2
Ultrasound Application
191
3
Discrete Time Sampling of Analog Signals
194
2
Digital Signal Processing Techniques
196
1
Finite Impulse Response Digital Filters
197
3
Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filters
200
2
Fast Fourier Transform
202
2
FFT Hardware Implementation
204
30
DSP Hardware
205
2
Arithmetic Logic Unit
207
1
Multiplier-Accumulator
208
2
Shifter
210
1
Data Address Generators
211
1
Program Sequencer
212
1
Serial Ports
213
1
System Interface
214
1
Interfacing ADCs and DACs to Digital Signal Processors
214
3
Parallel ADC-to-DSP Interface
217
3
Parallel Interfacing to DSP Processors: Writing Data to Memory-Mapped DACs
220
1
Parallel DAC-to-DSP Interface
220
3
Serial Interfacing to DSP Processors
223
2
Serial ADC-to-DSP Interface
225
2
Serial DAC-to-DSP Interface
227
2
Interfacing I--O Ports and CODECs to DSPs
229
4
Serial versus Parallel DSP Interface Summary
233
1
Practical Use of DSP: DSP Helps the Hearing Impaired
234
3
References
236
1
Optical Sensors
237
38
Charge-Coupled Devices
237
5
CCD Arrays
240
1
Interline Transfer
240
2
Optical Fiber
242
9
Classification and Features of Optical Fibers
244
7
Analysis of Optical Fibers
251
6
The Step-Index Fiber
251
6
The Graded-Index Fiber
257
2
CT Scanners in Medicine
259
4
Sectional Imaging
261
2
Digital Imaging
263
1
The Endoscope
263
1
Digital X Rays
264
4
Medical Sensors from Fiber Optics
268
7
Fiber Optics for Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
269
4
References
273
2
Index
275
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