Preliminaries. Computability: Programs and Computable Functions. Primitive Recursive Functions. A Universal Program. Calculations on Strings. Turing Machines. Processes and Grammars. Classifying Unsolvable Problems. Grammars and Automata: Regular Languages. Context-Free Languages. Context-Sensitive Languages. Logic: Propositional Calculus. Quantification Theory. Complexity: Abstract Complexity. Polynomial–

Time Computability. Semantics: Approximation Orderings. Denotational Semantics of Recursion Equations. Operational Semantics of Recursion Equations. Suggestions for Further Reading. Subject Index.