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Tables of Contents for The Student Writer
* indicates a new readingPart 1 Strategies for Reading and WritingChapter 1 The Connection between Reading and Writing Reading Analytically Step One: Preview the Material Step Two: Read Thoughtfully Determine the Author’s Thesis Consider the Intended Audience and Purpose Distinguish between Facts and Opinions Make Inferences Make Connections Assess the Quality of Material Draw Conclusions Marking the Text Step Three: Review and Write for Retention A Sample Marked Text John Holt “School Is Bad for Children” Writing in Response to Reading Writing a Summary Evaluating an Author’s Ideas Sharing Personal Reactions and Associations Essays for Reading and Response Amy Tan “Democracy” Albert Rosenfeld “Animal Rights versus Human Health Analyzing Visual Content Determine the Image’s Topic Identify the Audience and Purpose Identify and Evaluate the Components of the Image Notice Inference Consider the Text Accompanies the Image Assess the Quality of the ImageChapter 2 Getting StartedThe Writing Process Six Areas of the Writing Process Choosing a Writing Topic Pay Attention to the World around You Freewrite Fill in the Blanks Narrow a Broad Topic Freewrite Write a List Consider the Patterns of Development Map Your Broad Topic Anthony’s Essay in Progress: Discovering a Writing Topic Establishing Your Purpose Identifying and Assessing Your Audience Anthony’s Essay in Progress: Establishing Purpose and Identifying and Assessing Audience Discovering Ideas to Develop Your Topic Freewrite Write a List Answer Questions Write a Letter Investigate Sources Keep a Journal Computer Tips for Prewriting Process Guidelines: Breaking Through Writer’s Block Developing a Preliminary Thesis The Qualities of an Effective Thesis Process Guidelines: How to Draft a Preliminary Thesis Process Guidelines: The Sequence of Your Writing Process Anthony’s Essay in Progress: Discovering Ideas and Developing a Preliminary Thesis Writing AssignmentChapter 3 Organizing and Drafting Process Guidelines: Evaluating Your Ideas Ordering Ideas Chronological Order Spatial Order Progressive Order Outlining The Formal Outline Outline Cards The Outline Worksheet The Outline Tree The Scratch Outline Process Guidelines: Outlining Anthony’s Essay in Progress: Outlining Writing the First Draft Structuring Your Essay Aaron Palumbo “Portrait of an Achiever” The Introduction Process Guidelines: Drafting Introductions Body Paragraphs Placement of the Topic Sentence Effective Supporting Details When to Begin a New Paragraph Process Guidelines: Drafting Body Paragraphs The Conclusion Drafting a Title Computer Tips for Drafting Anthony’s Essay in Progress: The First Draft Writing AssignmentChapter 4 Revising for Content and Organization Process Guidelines: Moving from Writer-Based to Reader-Based Activity Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: Revising Content Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: Revising Organization Achieving Coherence Use Transitions to Achieve Coherence Use Repetition to Achieve Coherence Use Transitions and Repetition to Achieve Coherence between Paragraphs Working Collaboratively: Revising with the Help of Reader Response Process Guidelines: Giving and Receiving Reader Response Process Guidelines: Breaking through Writer’s Block Computer Tips for Revising Anthony’s Essay in Progress: Revising the First DraftChapter 5 Revising for Effective Expression Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: Revising Sentences Use Active Voice Use Coordination and Subordination Achieve Sentence Variety Use Parallel Structure Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: Revising Diction Use an Appropriate Level of Diction Use Words with an Appropriate Connotation Avoid Colloquial Language Use Specific Diction Use Simple Diction Use Gender-Neutral, Inoffensive Language Eliminate Wordiness Avoid Clichés Process Guidelines: Revising Sentences and Words Computer Tips for Revising Sentences and Words Anthony’s Essay in Progress: The Final DraftPart 2 Patterns of DevelopmentChapter 6 Description Why Is Description Important? Description across the Disciplines and Beyond Combining Description with Other Patterns Selecting Detail Focus Your Description with a Dominant Impression Determine Your Need for Objective and Subjective Description Use Concrete Sensory Detail Use Similes, Metaphors, and Personification Consider Your Purpose and Audience Be a Responsible Writer Organizing Description Visualizing a Descriptive Essay Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays Karen Greene “A Child’s Room”* Jerry Silberman “My First Flight” Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays James Tuite “The Sounds of the City” Ernesto Galarza “A Mexican House” Combining Patterns: * Suzanne Berne “Where Nothing Says Everything” Organization Note: Short Paragraphs Description in a Visual Image Suggestions for Writing Process Guidelines for Writing DescriptionChapter 7 NarrationWhy Is Narration Important? Narration across the Disciplines and Beyond Combining Narration with Other Patterns Selecting Detail Answer the Journalist’s Questions Write Dialogue Describe a Person, Place, or Scene Tell Your Story for a Reason Consider Your Purpose and Audience Be a Responsible Writer Organizing Narration Visualizing a Narrative Essay Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays Donald J. Monaco “The Ball Game”* Brian DeWolf “The Great Buffalo Hunt” Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays Paul Hemphill “The Girl in Gift Wrap” Maya Angelou “The Boys” Combining Patterns: D. L. Birchfield, “Roads to Nowhere” Punctuation Note: Parentheses Narration in a Visual Image Suggestions for Writing Process Guidelines for Writing NarrationChapter 8 ExemplificationWhy Is Exemplification Important?Exemplification across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Exemplification with Other Patterns Selecting Detail Consider Examples from a Variety of Sources Use Description and Narration as Examples Use Hypothetical Examples Use the Right Number of Examples Consider Your Purpose and Audience Be a Responsible Writer Organizing Exemplification Visualizing an Exemplification Essay Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays* Delilah Rawlins “Ocean of Tears”* Ken Hamner “Let’s Just Ban Everything” Student Essay with ResearchStudent Essay with Research: * Thomas Baird “Media Stereotyping of Muslims as Terrorists” Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays Harold Krents “Darkness at Noon”* Dawn Turner Trice “Shoddy Service”Combining Patterns: Judith Otis Cofer “The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria” Style Note: Sarcasm Exemplification in a Visual Image Suggestions for Writing Process Guidelines for Writing ExemplificationChapter 9 Process AnalysisWhy Is Process Analysis Important? Process Analysis across the Disciplines and Beyond Combining Process Analysis with Other Patterns Selecting Detail Include All the Important Steps Explain How a Step is PerformedExplain the Significance of a Step or Why It Is Performed Explain Trouble Spots and What Not to Do Mention Necessary Items and Define Unfamiliar Terms Include Examples and Description Use Visuals Consider Your Purpose and Audience Be a Responsible Writer Organizing a Process Analysis Visualizing a Process Analysis Essay Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays Lucas Smith “Horse Sense”* Anonymous “A Visit to Candyland” Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays Kirby W. Stanat “How to Take a Job Interview”* Diane Ackerman “Why Leaves Turn Color in the Fall”Combining Patterns: * Eric L. Wee “Annie Smith Swept Here” Development Note: Hypothetical Situations Process Analysis in a Visual Image Suggestions for Writing Process Guidelines for Writing Process Analysis Chapter 10 Comparison-ContrastWhy Is Comparison-Contrast Important? Comparison-Contrast across the Disciplines and Beyond Combining Comparison-Contrast with Other Patterns Selecting Detail Include Enough Points of Comparison and Contrast Draw on Other Patterns to Explain Points of Comparison and Contrast Maintain Balance between the Points Discussed Consider Your Audience and Purpose Be a Responsible Writer Organizing Comparison-Contrast Visualizing a Comparison-Contrast Essay Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays Gus Spirtos “The Human and the Superhuman: Two VeryDifferent Heroes” Maria Scarsella “Like Mother like Daughter” Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays Rachel Carson “A Fable for Tomorrow”* Suzanne Britt “That Lean and Hungry Look”Combining Patterns: * Patria P. Ramos “What It Means to Be a Filipino” Development Note: Dialogue Comparison-Contrast in a Visual Image Suggestions for Writing