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Tables of Contents for Music
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xix
PART I ELEMENTS
1
60
Sound: Pitch, Dynamics, And Tone Color
2
6
Pitch: Highness or Lowness of Sound
2
2
Dynamics
4
1
Tone Color
5
1
Listening Outlines, Vocal Music Guides, and the Properties of Sound
6
1
Lohengrin, Prelude to Act III
6
1
Richard Wagner
Listening Outline
7
1
Take the ``A'' Train, by Billy Strayhorn, as performed by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra
7
1
Listening Outline
8
1
Performing Media: Voices And Instruments
8
23
Voices
8
1
Musical Instruments
9
21
String Instruments
11
5
woodwind Instruments
16
4
Brass Instruments
20
1
Percussion Instruments
20
5
Keyboard Instruments
25
2
Electronic Instruments
27
3
The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, Op. 34
30
1
Benjamin Britten
Listening Outline
30
1
Rhythm
31
4
Beat
32
1
Meter
33
1
Accent and Syncopation
34
1
Tempo
34
1
Music Notation
35
5
Notating Pitch
35
2
Notating Rhythm
37
1
Notating Silence (Rests)
38
2
Notating Meter
40
1
The Score
40
1
Melody
40
3
Harmony
43
2
Consonance and Dissonance
44
1
The Triad
44
1
Broken Chords (Arpeggios)
45
1
Key
45
4
The Major Scale
46
1
The Minor Scale
47
1
The Key Signature
48
1
The Chromatic Scale
48
1
Modulation: Change of Key
48
1
Tonic Key
49
1
Musical Texture
49
4
Monophonic Texture
49
1
Polyphonic Texture
50
1
Homophonic Texture
51
1
Changes of Texture
51
1
Farandole from L'Arlesienne (The Woman from Arles) Suite No. 2
52
1
Georges Bizet
Listening Outline
52
1
Musical Form
53
6
Techniques That Create Musical Form
54
1
Repetition
54
1
Contrast
54
1
Variation
54
1
Types of Musical Form
54
4
Three-Part (Ternary) Form: A B A
55
1
Dance of the Reed Pipes from Nutcracker Suite
55
1
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Listening Outline
56
1
Two-Part (Binary) Form: A B
57
1
Gavotte from French Suite No. 5 in G Major
57
1
Johann Sebastian Bach
Listening Outline
57
1
Listening for Form
58
1
Musical Style
59
2
PART II THE MIDDLE AGES AND RENAISSANCE
61
30
Music In The Middle Ages (450--1450)
62
13
Gregorian Chant
65
1
The Church Modes
65
5
Alleluia: vidimus stellam (We have seen his star)
66
2
Vocal Music Guide
68
1
O successores (You successors)
68
1
Hildegard of Bingen
Vocal Music Guide
69
1
Secular Music in The Middle Ages
70
1
Estampie
71
1
The Development of Polyphony: Organum
71
1
School of Notre Dame: Measured Rhythm
72
1
Fourteenth-Century Music: The ``New Art'' in France
72
1
Guillaume de Machaut
73
2
Notre Dame Mass: Agnus Dei
74
1
Vocal Music Guide
75
1
Music In The Renaissance (1450--1600)
75
16
Music and Renaissance Society
76
2
Characteristics of Renaissance Music
78
2
Words and Music
78
2
Texture
80
1
Rhythm and Melody
80
1
Sacred Music in the Renaissance
80
5
Josquin Desprez and the Renaissance Motet
81
1
Ave Maria...virgo serena (Hail Mary...serene virgin)
81
1
Vocal Music Guide
82
1
Palestrina and the Renaissance Mass
83
1
Pope Marcellus Mass: Kyrie
84
1
Secular Music in the Renaissance
85
6
Vocal Music: The Renaissance Madrigal
85
1
As Vesta Was Descending
86
1
Thomas Weelkes
Vocal Music Guide
86
1
Instrumental Music
87
1
Ricercar in the Twelfth Mode
88
3
Andrea Gabrieli
PART III THE BAROQUE PERIOD
91
54
Baroque Music (1600-1750)
92
8
Characteristics of Baroque Music
95
3
Unity of Mood
95
1
Rhythm
96
1
Melody
96
1
Dynamics
96
1
Texture
97
1
Chords and the Basso Continuo (Figured Bass)
97
1
Words and Music
98
1
The Baroque Orchestra
98
1
Baroque Forms
99
1
Music In Baroque Society
100
3
The Concerto Grosso And Ritornello Form
103
4
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major by Johann Sebastian Bach: First movement
104
3
Listening Outline
105
2
The Fugue
107
4
Organ Fugue in G Minor (Little Fugue)
109
2
Johann Sebastian Bach
Listening Outline
109
2
The Elements Of Opera
111
4
Opera In The Baroque Era
115
2
Claudio Monteverdi
117
2
Orfeo (Orpheus)
117
2
Vocal Music Guide: Tu se' morta (You are dead)
118
1
The Baroque Sonata
119
2
Trio Sonata in A Minor, Op. 3, No. 10
120
1
Arcangelo Corelli
Antonio Vivaldi
121
3
La Primavera (Spring), Concerto for Violin and String Orchestra, Op. 8, No. 1, from The Four Seasons: First movement
122
2
Listening Outline
123
1
Johann Sebastian Bach
124
2
Bach's Music
125
1
The Baroque Suite
126
3
Suite No. 3 in D Major
127
2
Johann Sebastian Bach
The Chorale And Church Cantata
129
5
The Church Cantata
129
1
Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (Awake, a voice is calling us)
130
4
Johann Sebastian Bach
Vocal Music Guides: Fourth movement; seventh movement
133
1
The Oratorio
134
1
George Frideric Handel
135
10
Handel's Music
137
1
Messiah
137
8
Vocal Music Guides: Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exhalted; Hallelujah Chorus
139
6
PART IV THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
145
60
The Classical Style (1750--1820)
146
6
Characteristics of the Classical Style
149
1
Contrast of Mood
149
1
Rhythm
149
1
Texture
149
1
Melody
150
1
Dynamics and the Piano
150
1
The End of the Basso Continuo
150
1
The Classical Orchestra
150
1
Classical Forms
151
1
Composer, Patron, And Public In The Classical Period
152
3
Social Trends and Classical Composition
153
1
Vienna
154
1
Sonata Form
155
6
Exposition
156
1
Development
156
1
Recapitulation
157
1
Coda
157
1
Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: First movement
158
3
Listening Outline
160
1
Theme And Variations
161
3
Symphony No. 94 in G Major (Surprise), by Joseph Haydn: Second movement
162
2
Listening Outline
162
2
Minuet And Trio
164
2
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music), K. 525, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Third movement
165
1
Listening Outline
165
1
Rondo
166
2
String Quartet in C Minor, Op. 18, No. 4, by Ludwig van Beethoven: Fourth movement
167
1
Listening Outline
167
1
The Classical Symphony
168
1
The Classical Concerto
169
2
Classical Chamber Music
171
1
Joseph Haydn
171
4
Haydn's Music
173
1
Trumpet Concerto in E Flat Major: Third movement
173
2
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
175
14
Mozart's Music
176
1
Don Giovanni
177
6
Vocal Music Guide: Act I: Excerpt from Opening Scene
178
5
Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550
183
3
Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major, K. 488
186
3
Listening Outline: First movement
187
2
Ludwig Van Beethoven
189
16
Beethoven's Music
190
2
Piano Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13 (Pathetique)
192
2
Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67
194
11
Listening Outline: First movement
196
9
PART V THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
205
76
Romanticism In Music (1820--1900)
206
8
The Romantic Period in Music
209
1
Characteristics of Romantic Music
210
4
Individuality of Style
210
1
Expressive Aims and Subjects
210
1
Nationalism and Exoticism
211
1
Program Music
211
1
Expressive Tone Color
211
1
Colorful Harmony
212
1
Expanded Range of Dynamics, Pitch, and Tempo
213
1
Form: Miniature and Monumental
213
1
Romantic Composers And Their Public
214
3
The Art Song
217
1
Strophic and Through-Composed Form
217
1
The Song Cycle
218
1
Franz Schubert
218
5
Schubert's Music
219
1
Erlkonig (The Erlking)
219
4
Vocal Music Guide
221
2
Robert Schumann
223
3
Robert Schumann's Music
224
1
Carnaval
224
2
Clara Wieck Schumann
226
3
Clara Wieck Schumann's Music
227
1
Romance in G Minor for Violin and Piano, Op. 22, No. 2
228
1
Frederic Chopin
229
4
Chopin's Music
229
1
Nocturne in E Flat Major, Op. 9, No. 2
229
2
Listening Outline
230
1
Etude in C Minor, Op. 10, No. 12 (Revolutionary)
231
2
Listening Outline
232
1
Polonaise in A Flat Major, Op. 53
233
1
Franz Liszt
233
4
Liszt's Music
235
1
Transcendental Etude No. 10 in F Minor
236
1
Felix Mendelssohn
237
3
Mendelssohn's Music
238
1
Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in E Minor, Op. 64: First Movement
238
2
Program Music
240
1
Hector Berlioz
241
7
Berlioz's Music
243
1
Symphonie fantastique (Fantastic Symphony)
243
5
Listening Outline: Fourth movement
245
3
Nationalism In Nineteenth-Century Music
248
5
The Moldau
250
3
Bedrich Smetana
Listening Outline
251
2
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
253
3
Tchaikovsky's Music
253
1
Romeo and Juliet, Overture-Fantasy
254
2
Johannes Brahms
256
6
Brahms's Music
257
1
Symphony No. 4 in E Minor, Op. 98: Fourth movement
258
4
Listening Outline
260
2
Giuseppe Verdi
262
2
Verdi's Music
263
1
Rigoletto
263
1
Giacomo Puccini
264
8
La Boheme
265
7
Vocal Music Guide: Act 1: From Mimi's entrance through Che gelida manina
266
6
Richard Wagner
272
9
Wagner's Music
273
1
Die Walkure (The Valkyrie)
273
8
Vocal Music Guide: Act I, Love scene, conclusion
276
5
PART VI THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
281
102
Musical Styles: 1900--1950
282
11
1900--1950: An Age of Musical Diversity
283
4
Characteristics of Twentieth-Century Music
287
6
Tone Color
287
1
Harmony (Consonance and Dissonance; New Chord Structures)
288
1
Alternatives to the Traditional Tonal System
289
2
Rhythm
291
2
Melody
293
1
Music and Musicians In Society
293
4
Impressionism And Symbolism
297
2
French Impressionist Painting
297
1
French Symbolist Poetry
297
2
Claude Debussy
299
5
Debussy's Music
300
2
Prelude a L'Apres-midi d'un faune (Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun)
302
2
Listening Outline
302
2
Neoclassicism
304
1
Igor Stravinsky
304
8
Stravinsky's Music
306
1
Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring)
307
5
Listening Outline: Part I, Introduction, Omens of Spring---Dances of the Youths and Maidens, Ritual of Abduction
310
2
Expressionism
312
2
Arnold Schoenberg
314
8
Schoenberg's Music
316
1
Atonality
316
1
The Twelve-Tone System
316
1
Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 16: Vorgefuhle (Premonitions)
317
3
A Survivor from Warsaw, Op. 46
320
2
Vocal Music Guide
321
1
Alban Berg
322
5
Wozzeck
323
4
Anton Webern
327
2
Webern's Music
327
1
Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 10
328
1
Listening Outline: Third piece
329
1
Bela Bartok
329
4
Bartok's Music
330
1
Concerto for Orchestra
331
2
Listening Outline: Second Movement
332
1
Charles Ives
333
3
Ives's Music
333
2
Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut, from Three Places in New England
335
1
George Gershwin
336
3
Rhapsody in Blue
338
1
Aaron Copland
339
4
Appalachian Spring
340
3
Listening Outline: Theme and Variations on Simple Gifts
342
1
Musical Styles Since 1950
343
10
Characteristics of Music since 1950
344
9
Increased Use of the Twelve-Tone System
344
2
Extensions of the Twelve-Tone System: Serialism
346
1
Chance Music
346
1
Minimalist Music
347
1
Musical Quotation
348
1
Return to Tonality
348
1
Electronic Music
349
1
``Liberation of Sound''
350
2
Mixed Media
352
1
Rhythm and Form
352
1
Music Since 1950: Three Representative Pieces
353
5
Concerto Grosso 1985, by Ellen Taaffe Zwilich
353
3
Listening Outline: First movement
355
1
Sextet
356
1
Steve Reich
Listening Outline: Third movement
357
1
Ritual Melodies
357
1
Jonathan Harvey
Listening Outline: Opening Section
358
1
Jazz
358
13
Jazz in Society
359
1
Roots of Jazz
359
3
Ragtime
360
1
Blues
360
2
Lost Your Head Blues
362
1
Bessie Smith
Elements of Jazz
362
2
Tone Color
362
1
Improvisation
363
1
Rhythm, Melody, and Harmony
364
1
Jazz Styles
364
7
New Orleans Style
364
2
Hotter Than That, by Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five
366
1
Swing
366
1
Bebop
367
1
Bloomdido
368
1
Charlie Parker
Cool Jazz
368
1
Free Jazz
369
1
Jazz Rock (Fusion)
369
1
Miles Runs the Voodoo Down
370
1
Miles Davis
The American Musical
371
4
Musical Theater
371
2
Elements of the Musical
371
1
Development of the Musical
371
2
Oklahoma!
373
2
Richard Rodgers
Oscar Hammerstein
Vocal Music Guide: Title song
375
1
Rock
375
8
Development of Rock
376
2
Elements of Rock
378
2
Tone Color
378
1
Rhythm
379
1
Form, Melody, and Harmony
380
1
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, from Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, by the Beatles
380
3
PART VII NONWESTERN MUSIC
383
14
Music In Nonwestern Cultures
384
3
Characteristics of Nonwestern Music
384
2
Oral Tradition
384
1
Improvisation
384
1
Voices
385
1
Instruments
385
1
Melody, Rhythm, and Texture
386
1
Interaction between Nonwestern and Western Music
386
1
Music In Sub-Saharan Africa
387
5
Music in Society
387
2
Elements of African Music
389
1
Rhythm and Percussion
389
1
Vocal Music
389
1
Texture
389
1
African Instruments
389
2
Idiophones
390
1
Membranophones
390
1
Aerophones and Chordophones
391
1
Song from Angola
391
1
Listening Outline
391
1
Classical Music Of India
392
5
Performers
392
1
Improvisation
393
1
Elements of Indian Classical Music
393
2
Melodic Structure: Raga
394
1
Rhythmic Structure: Tala
394
1
Instruments
395
1
Maru-Bihag
396
1
Ravi Shankar
Listening Outline: Opening Section
396
1
APPENDIXES
397
42
1 Glossary And Example Locator
397
26
2 Chronology
423
7
3 Recordings
430
9
Acknowledgments
439
2
Index
441