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Tables of Contents for Holt Handbook Grammar Usage and Mechanics
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Introduction About This Book
xviii
 
John Warriner: In His Own Words
xviii
 
To Our Students
xxi
 
PART 1 Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics
1
461
Parts of Speech Overview
Identification and Function
2
32
Diagnostic Preview
2
2
Identifying Parts of Speech
Identifying Parts of Speech
The Noun
4
3
Common Nouns and Proper Nouns
4
1
Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns
4
1
Collective Nouns
5
1
Compound Nouns
5
2
The Pronoun
7
4
Personal Pronouns
8
1
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
8
1
Demonstrative Pronouns
9
1
Interrogative Pronouns
9
1
Relative Pronouns
9
1
Indefinite Pronouns
10
1
Pronoun or Adjective?
10
1
The Adjective
11
4
Articles
12
1
Adjective or Pronoun?
12
1
Adjective or Noun?
13
2
The Verb
15
5
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs
15
1
Action Verbs
16
1
Linking Verbs
17
1
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
18
2
The Adverb
20
3
Noun or Adverb?
21
2
The Preposition
23
2
Object of a Preposition
23
1
Adverb or Preposition?
24
1
The Conjunction
25
3
Coordinating Conjunctions
25
1
Correlative Conjunctions
26
1
Subordinating Conjunctions
26
2
The Interjection
28
1
Determining Parts of Speech
29
2
Chapter Review
31
3
Identifying Parts of Speech
Identifying Parts of Speech
Writing Application: Creating a Dictionary of New Words
33
1
The Parts of a Sentence
Subject, Predicate, Complement
34
24
Diagnostic Preview
34
2
Identifying Subjects, Verbs, and Complements
Identifying Subjects, Verbs, and Complements
The Sentence
36
1
The Subject and the Predicate
37
7
The Simple Subject and the Complete Subject
38
1
The Simple Predicate and the Complete Predicate
39
1
The Compound Subject and the Compound Verb
40
1
How to Find the Subject of a Sentence
41
3
Complements
44
11
Direct Objects and Indirect Objects
45
2
Objective Complements
47
2
Subject Complements
49
6
Chapter Review
55
3
Identifying Sentences and Sentence Fragments
Identifying the Simple Subject and the Simple Predicate
Identifying Complements
Identifying Subjects, Verbs, and Complements
Writing Application: Using Sentence Variety in an Essay
57
1
The Phrase
Kinds of Phrases and Their Functions
58
22
Diagnostic Preview
58
1
Identifying Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases
Identifying Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases
What Is a Phrase?
59
1
Prepositional Phrases
60
4
The Adjective Phrase
60
2
The Adverb Phrase
62
2
Verbals and Verbal Phrases
64
9
The Participle
64
1
The Participial Phrase
65
3
The Gerund
68
1
The Gerund Phrase
69
1
The Infinitive
70
1
The Infinitive Phrase
71
2
Appositives and Appositive Phrases
73
4
Chapter Review
77
3
Identifying Phrases
Identifying Phrases in a Paragraph
Identifying Participial, Gerund, and Infinitive Phrases
Identifying Phrases in a Paragraph
Writing Application: Using Phrases in a Business Letter
79
1
The Clause
Independent and Subordinate Clauses, Sentence Structure
80
24
Diagnostic Preview
80
2
Identifying and Classifying Clauses
Classifying Sentences
What Is a Clause?
82
1
The Independent Clause
82
1
The Subordinate Clause
83
11
The Adjective Clause
84
3
The Noun Clause
87
3
The Adverb Clause
90
1
The Elliptical Clause
91
3
Sentences Classified According to Structure
94
3
Sentences Classified According to Purpose
97
4
Chapter Review
101
3
Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses
Identifying and Classifying Clauses
Classifying Sentences According to Structure and Purpose
Writing Application: Using a Variety of Sentences in an Interview
103
1
Agreement
Subject and Verb, Pronoun and Antecedent
104
32
Diagnostic Preview
104
2
Proofreading for Subject-Verb Agreement and Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Correcting Errors in Subject-Verb and Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Number
106
1
Agreement of Subject and Verb
106
18
Intervening Phrases and Clauses
107
2
Indefinite Pronouns
109
3
Compound Subjects
112
3
Special Problems in Subject-Verb Agreement
115
9
Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent
124
9
Special Problems in Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
128
5
Chapter Review
133
3
Choosing Verbs That Agree in Number with Their Subjects
Proofreading for Pronoun-Antecedent Errors
Proofreading a Paragraph for Subject-Verb Agreement and Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Writing Application: Using Correct Agreement in a Letter
135
1
Using Pronouns Correctly
Case Forms of Pronouns; Special Pronoun Problems
136
24
Diagnostic Preview
136
2
Selecting Correct Forms of Pronouns
Proofreading a Paragraph for Correct Pronoun Usage
Case
138
1
Case Forms of Personal Pronouns
138
10
The Nominative Case
139
2
The Objective Case
141
5
The Possessive Case
146
2
Special Pronoun Problems
148
9
Appositives
148
1
Elliptical Constructions
149
1
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
150
2
Who and Whom
152
5
Chapter Review
157
3
Selecting Correct Forms of Pronouns
Proofreading Sentences for Correct Pronoun Forms
Proofreading a Paragraph for Correct Pronoun Usage
Writing Application: Using Pronouns in a Newspaper Article
159
1
Clear Reference
Pronouns and Antecedents
160
14
Diagnostic Preview
160
2
Correcting Faulty Pronoun References
Revising Sentences to Correct Faulty Pronoun References
Pronouns and Their Antecedents
162
1
Ambiguous Reference
163
1
General Reference
164
3
Weak Reference
167
1
Indefinite Reference
168
3
Chapter Review
171
3
Correcting Ambiguous and General References
Correcting Weak and Indefinite References
Revising Sentences to Correct Faulty Pronoun References
Revising Sentences to Correct Faulty Pronoun References
Writing Application: Using Pronouns Correctly in a Letter
173
1
Using Verbs Correctly
Principal Parts, Tense, Voice, Mood
174
52
Diagnostic Preview
174
2
Proofreading Sentences for Verb Usage
Proofreading for Correct Verb Usage
The Principal Parts of Verbs
176
18
Regular Verbs
176
2
Irregular Verbs
178
16
Six Troublesome Verbs
194
4
Lie and Lay
194
1
Sit and Set
195
1
Rise and Raise
196
2
Tense
198
8
The Progressive Form
199
1
The Emphatic Form
200
1
The Uses of the Tenses
201
5
Special Problems in the Use of Tenses
206
5
Active Voice and Passive Voice
211
4
The Retained Object
211
2
The Uses of the Passive Voice
213
2
Mood
215
3
Modals
218
5
Chapter Review
223
3
Using the Past and Past Participle Forms of Verbs Correctly
Choosing the Forms of Lie and Lay, Sit and Set, and Rise and Raise
Using Tenses Correctly
Revising Sentences in the Passive Voice
Identifying Indicative, Imperative, and Subjunctive Mood
Revising Sentences in a Paragraph by Correcting Verb Forms
Writing Application: Using Standard Verb Forms in a Paragraph
225
1
Using Modifiers Correctly
Forms and Uses of Adjectives and Adverbs; Comparison
226
22
Diagnostic Preview
226
2
Using Modifiers Correctly
Selecting Modifiers to Complete Sentences
Forms of Modifiers
228
2
One-Word Modifiers
228
1
Phrases Used as Modifiers
229
1
Clauses Used as Modifiers
229
1
Uses of Modifiers
230
2
Eight Troublesome Modifiers
232
4
Bad and Badly
232
1
Good and Well
233
1
Real and Really
233
1
Slow and Slowly
233
3
Comparison of Modifiers
236
9
Regular Comparison
236
1
Irregular Comparison
237
1
Uses of Comparative Forms and Superlative Forms
238
2
Clear Comparisons
240
1
Absolute Adjectives
241
4
Chapter Review
245
3
Selecting Modifiers to Complete Sentences
Revising Sentences to Correct Errors in the Use of Troublesome Modifiers
Using Modifiers Correctly
Correcting Unclear and Nonstandard Comparisons
Proofreading a Paragraph for Correct Use of Modifiers
Writing Application: Using Comparisons in a Consumer's Guide
247
1
Placement of Modifiers
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
248
12
Diagnostic Preview
248
2
Revising Sentences by Correcting Faulty Modifiers
Revising Sentences by Correcting Faulty Modifiers
Misplaced Modifiers
250
2
Squinting Modifiers
250
2
Dangling Modifiers
252
5
Chapter Review
257
3
Revising Sentences by Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Revising Sentences by Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Revising Sentences by Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Writing Application: Using Modifiers in a News Report
259
1
A Glossary of Usage
Common Usage Problems
260
34
Diagnostic Preview
260
2
Correcting Errors in Usage
Correcting Errors in Usage
About the Glossary
262
24
The Double Negative
286
2
Nonsexist Language
288
3
Chapter Review
291
3
Identifying Correct Usage
Correcting Errors in Usage
Identifying Correct Usage
Writing Application: Using Standard English in a Story
293
1
Capitalization
Standard Uses of Capital Letters
294
30
Diagnostic Preview
294
2
Using Standard Capitalization
Proofreading Paragraphs for Correct Capitalization
Using Capital Letters Correctly
296
20
Abbreviations
316
5
Personal Names
316
1
Titles
316
1
Agencies and Organizations
317
1
Geographical Terms
317
1
Time
318
1
Units of Measurement
319
2
Chapter Review
321
3
Identifying Correct Uses of Capitalization
Identifying and Correcting Errors in Capitalization
Using Abbreviations and Correct Capitalization
Writing Application: Using Capital Letters in a Letter
323
1
Punctuation
End Marks and Commas
324
30
Diagnostic Preview
324
2
Correcting Punctuation Errors in Sentences
Correcting Errors in the Use of End Marks and Commas in a Paragraph
End Marks
326
7
Sentences
326
3
Abbreviations
329
4
Commas
333
18
Items in a Series
333
3
Independent Clauses
336
2
Nonessential Elements
338
4
Introductory Elements
342
2
Interrupters
344
3
Conventional Uses
347
1
Unnecessary Commas
348
3
Chapter Review
351
3
Using Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points
Correcting Sentences by Adding or Deleting Commas
Correcting Errors in the Use of Periods, Question Marks, Exclamation Points, and Commas in Sentences
Correcting Errors in the Use of Commas in Paragraphs
Writing Application: Using Commas in Instructions
353
1
Punctuation
Other Marks of Punctuation
354
40
Diagnostic Preview
354
2
Proofreading Sentences for Correct Punctuation
Proofreading a Paragraph for Correct Punctuation
Semicolons
356
3
Colons
359
3
Italics (Underlining)
362
3
Quotation Marks
365
6
Ellipsis Points
371
3
Apostrophes
374
6
Possessive Case
374
4
Contractions
378
1
Plurals
379
1
Hyphens
380
4
Dashes
384
1
Parentheses
384
1
Brackets
385
4
Chapter Review
389
5
Using Semicolons and Colons Correctly
Using Italics, Quotation Marks, and Ellipsis Points Correctly
Using Apostrophes, Hyphens, Dashes, Parentheses, and Brackets Correctly
Proofreading Sentences for Correct Punctuation
Proofreading Paragraphs for Correct Punctuation
Writing Application: Using Apostrophes in a Report
393
1
Spelling
Improving Your Spelling
394
32
Diagnostic Preview: Proofreading Sentences for Correct Spelling
394
1
Good Spelling Habits
395
2
Spelling Rules
397
13
ie and ei
397
1
cede, --ceed, and --sede
398
1
Adding Prefixes
398
1
Adding Suffixes
399
4
Forming the Plurals of Nouns
403
4
Writing Numbers
407
3
Words Often Confused
410
11
Chapter Review
421
3
Proofreading Sentences for Correct Spelling
Spelling the Plural Form of Nouns
Distinguishing Between Words Often Confused
Proofreading a Paragraph
Writing Application: Using Correct Spelling in an Application Letter
423
1
300 Spelling Words
424
2
Correcting Common Errors
Key Language Skills Review
426
36
Grammar and Usage
426
24
Grammar and Usage Test: Section 1
446
1
Grammar and Usage Test: Section 2
447
3
Mechanics
450
12
Mechanics Test: Section 1
458
2
Mechanics Test: Section 2
460
2
PART 2 Sentences
462
82
Writing Clear Sentences
464
28
Diagnostic Preview
464
2
Choosing Appropriate Conjunctions and Connectives
Using Parallel Structure
Identifying Sentences, Sentence Fragments, and Run-on Sentences
Revising Sentences to Eliminate Unnecessary Shifts in Sentences
Ways to Achieve Clarity
466
14
Coordinating Ideas
466
3
Subordinating Ideas
469
1
Adverb Clauses
469
3
Adjective Clauses
472
1
Correcting Faulty Coordination
473
2
Using Parallel Structure
475
5
Obstacles to Clarity
480
9
Sentence Fragments
480
1
Phrase Fragments
481
1
Subordinate Clause Fragments
481
2
Run-on Sentences
483
2
Unnecessary Shifts in Sentences
485
1
Shifts in Subject
485
1
Shifts in Verb Tense and Voice
485
4
Chapter Review
489
3
Using Coordination and Subordination
Revising Paragraphs for Clarity
Revising Paragraphs to Eliminate Fragments and Run-on Sentences
Combining Sentences
492
20
Diagnostic Preview
492
2
Combining Sentences by Inserting Words and Phrases
Combining Sentences by Coordinating Ideas
Combining Sentences by Subordinating Ideas
Combining for Variety
494
15
Inserting Words and Phrases
495
1
Single-Word Modifiers
496
1
Prepositional Phrases
496
2
Participial Phrases
498
1
Absolute Phrases
498
2
Appositive Phrases
500
2
Coordinating Ideas
502
2
Subordinating Ideas
504
1
Adjective Clauses
505
1
Adverb Clauses
505
1
Noun Clauses
506
3
Chapter Review
509
3
Revising Sentences by Subordinating Ideas
Revising Paragraphs by Combining Sentences
Improving Sentence Style
512
18
Diagnostic Preview
512
2
Revising Sentences by Varying Sentence Beginnings
Revising Sentences to Reduce Wordiness
Revising Sentences by Varying Sentence Structure
Revising for Variety
514
6
Varying Sentence Beginnings
515
3
Varying Sentence Structure
518
2
Revising to Reduce Wordiness
520
7
Eliminating Unnecessary Words
521
2
Reducing Groups of Words
523
4
Chapter Review
527
3
Revising Paragraphs to Vary Sentence Beginnings and Sentence Structure
Revising Paragraphs to Reduce Wordiness
Sentence Diagramming
530
14
The Sentence Diagram
530
1
Subjects and Verbs
530
2
Modifiers
532
1
Subject Complements
533
1
Objects
534
1
Phrases
535
4
Subordinate Clauses
539
2
Sentences Classified According to Structure
541
3
PART 3 Resources
544
55
Manuscript Form
546
11
Why Is Manuscript Form Important?
546
1
General Guidelines for Preparing Manuscripts
546
1
Academic Manuscript Style
547
4
Model Research Paper
551
6
The History of English: Origins and Uses
557
8
History of English
557
3
American English
560
1
English: An International Language
561
1
Varieties of American English
562
3
Test Smarts
565
6
Becoming ``Test-Smart''
565
6
Grammar at a Glance
571
28
Index
599
16
Acknowledgments
615
1
Photo and Illustration Credits
616