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Tables of Contents for Judicial Process
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
CHAPTER 1 Law, Courts, and Politics
1
20
Case Close-Up: Texas v. Johnson: Flag Burning
3
1
Case Close-Up: Overview
4
1
Courts and the Legal System
5
4
Profile: Overview
9
1
Law and Politics
10
2
Controversy: Overview
12
1
Organization of the Book
13
4
Conclusion
17
1
Key Terms
18
1
References
19
1
For Further Reading
19
2
Part I INSTITUTIONS OF LAW
21
100
CHAPTER 2 Law and Legal Systems
22
30
What Is Law?
23
2
Legal Systems
25
2
The Common Law Heritage
27
2
Profile: Sir William Blackstone
29
1
Key Characteristics of the Common Law
29
2
The Adversary System
31
3
The Structure of U.S. Law
34
8
Discretionary Choices in Law
42
2
Case Close-Up: Abington v. Schempp: School Prayer
44
1
Controversy: Computers and the Law
45
1
Conclusion
46
2
Key Terms
48
1
References
48
1
For Further Reading
49
3
CHAPTER 3 Federal Courts
52
35
Basic Principles of Court Organization
53
2
The History of the Federal Courts
55
4
Case Close-Up: Marbury v. Madison: Judicial Review
59
2
United States District Courts
61
8
United States Courts of Appeals
69
1
Controversy: Circuit Splitting
70
1
The United States Supreme Court
71
1
Specialized Courts
72
1
Federal Judicial Administration
73
4
Profile: Chief Justice Warren Burger
77
1
The Ongoing Federal Courts Caseload Controversy
78
4
Controversy: Are 1,000 Federal Judges Too Many?
82
1
Conclusion
82
1
Key Terms
83
1
References
83
2
For Further Reading
85
2
CHAPTER 4 State Courts
87
34
The History of State Courts
88
2
Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdication: Lower Courts
90
2
Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction: Major Trial Courts
92
2
Intermediate Courts of Appeals
94
2
Courts of Last Resort: State Supreme Courts
96
1
The Lower Courts: A Closer Look
97
1
Justice of the Peace Courts
98
1
Controversy: Nonlawyer Judges
99
1
Municipal Courts
100
2
Juvenile Courts
102
2
Profile: The World of the Juvenile Court Judge
104
1
Court Unification
105
5
Case Close-Up: Wachtler v. Cuomo: Financing the Courts
110
1
Reducing Court Delay
111
2
Drug Courts
113
2
Consequences of Court Organization
115
1
Conclusion
116
1
Key Terms
117
1
References
117
3
For Further Reading
120
1
Part II INTERPRETERS OF LAW
121
72
CHAPTER 5 Lawyers and Legal Representation
122
34
Legal Education
123
1
Profile: Christopher Columbus Langdell
124
1
Law Schools Today
125
3
Licensing Requirements
128
2
Controversy: Have You Heard the Latest Lawyer Joke?
130
1
Legal Ethics and Discipline
130
1
Bar Associations
131
3
The Work of Lawyers
134
2
Where Lawyers Work
136
3
Diversity and Stratification of the Legal Profession
139
4
Profile: When the Updown Bar Collides with the Downtown Bar
143
1
Access to Legal Services
143
1
Controversy: Too Many Lawyers?
144
2
Case Close-Up: Gideon v. Wainwright: Right to Counsel
146
4
Conclusion
150
1
Key Terms
151
1
References
151
3
For Further Reading
154
2
CHAPTER 6 Judges
156
37
Judicial Selection
157
3
Appointment of Federal Judges
160
4
Controversy: Reagan's Conservative Judges
164
3
Judicial Elections
167
2
Controversy: Voters Playing "Lottery" in Supreme Court Race
169
2
Merit Selection
171
2
Which System is Best?
173
3
Case Close-Up: Chisom v. Roemer: Diversity and the Bench
176
1
Learning to Be a Judge
177
2
Judges at Work
179
3
Profile: Serving as a Judge
182
1
Judging the Judges
183
4
Conclusion
187
1
Key Terms
187
1
References
187
5
For Further Reading
192
1
PART III CONSUMERS OF LAW
193
26
CHAPTER 7 Mobilizing the Law: Litigants, Interest Groups, and Court Cases
194
25
Legal Mobilization
195
3
Court Caseloads
198
1
One-Shotters and Repeat Players
199
1
The Adjudicatory Process
200
3
Traditional versus Policy Lawsuits
203
2
Controversy: Can Courts Bring About Social Change?
205
1
Interest Groups in Court
206
1
Profile: Thurgood Marshall
206
2
Case Close-Up: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas: School Integration
208
5
Conclusion
213
1
Key Terms
214
1
References
214
3
For Further Reading
217
2
PART IV TRIAL COURTS
219
166
CHAPTER 8 Trial Courts: The Preliminary Stages of Criminal Cases
220
32
Arrests
221
2
Controversy: Crime as a Political Issue
223
1
Initial Appearance
224
3
Bail
227
2
Filing Charges
229
2
Preliminary Hearing
231
1
Profile: A Criminal Judge's Typical Workday
232
1
Grand Juries
233
2
Exclusionary Rules
235
1
Case Close-Up: Miranda v. Arizona: Limiting Police Interrogations
236
3
Controversy: Abolish the Exclusionary Rule?
239
2
Funneling Effect
241
1
Why Attrition Occurs
242
2
The Criminal Justice Wedding Cake
244
3
Conclusion
247
1
Key Terms
247
1
References
247
3
For Further Reading
250
2
CHAPTER 9 Trial Courts: Bargaining and Sentencing in Criminal Courts
252
37
The Courtroom Work Group
253
1
The Many Faces of Plea Bargaining
254
4
Plea Bargaining and Courtroom Work Groups
258
2
Copping a Plea
260
1
Abolishing or Reforming Plea Bargaining
261
1
Controversy: Plea Bargaining and Justice
262
1
Sentencing Structures
263
1
Forms of Punishment
264
3
The Death Penalty
267
2
Case Close-Up: Furman v. Georgia: Does the Death Penalty Constitute Cruel and Unusual Punishment?
269
3
Controversy: Public Opinion and the Death Penalty
272
1
Courtroom Work Groups and the Sentencing Process
272
2
The Fairness of Sentencing
274
3
Increasing Gonsistency in Sentencing
277
3
Increasing the Severity of the Penalty
280
1
Conclusion
281
1
Key Terms
281
1
References
282
4
For Further Reading
286
3
CHAPTER 10 Trial Courts: The Preliminary Stages of Civil Cases
289
34
The Disputing Pyramid
290
3
Hiring a Laywer
293
3
The Litigation Explosion Argument
296
1
Case Close-Up: Liebeck v. McDonald's Corporation: A Dangerously Hot Cup of Coffee
297
3
Public Perceptions of the Litigation Explosion
300
2
Controversy: Do Asbestos Cases Belong in Court?
302
1
Multiple World of Torts
303
3
Tort Reform
306
2
Controversy: Helmets and Ladders
308
3
Alternative Dispute Resolution
311
4
Conclusion
315
1
Key Terms
316
1
References
316
5
For Further Reading
321
2
CHAPTER 11 Trial Courts: Dispositions of Civil Cases
323
34
Civil Procedure
324
1
Steps in a Civil Lawsuit
325
7
Profile: A Civil Judge's Typical Workday
332
1
Negotiations, Settlements, and Dispositions
333
2
Settling Tort Cases
335
3
Negotiating Small Claims
338
2
Bargaining Divorce Cases
340
1
Case Close-Up: Baby Richard: Adoption Rights of Biological Fathers
341
2
Controversy: Gender Bias and Divorce Reform
343
3
Winners and Losers
346
2
The High Costs of Justice
348
2
Conclusion
350
1
Key Terms
351
1
References
351
4
For Further Reading
355
2
CHAPTER 12 Trial
357
28
History and Function
358
3
Jury Selection
361
3
Profile: Jury consultant Dr. Jo-Ellan Dimitrius
364
1
The Moving Party Presents Its Case
365
3
The Defense Presents Its Case
368
1
Rebuttal
369
1
The End of the Trial
369
2
The Jury Decides
371
1
Controversy: Cameras in the Courtroom?
372
1
The Verdict
373
1
Prejudicial Pretrial Publicity
373
1
Case Close-Up: Sheppard v. Maxwell: Prejudicial Pretrial Publicity
374
2
Trials as Balancing Wheels
376
1
Controversy: Jury Verdicts and the So-Called Crisis in Civil Justice
377
2
Conclusion
379
1
Key Terms
379
1
References
380
3
For Further Reading
383
2
PART V APPELLATE REVIEW
385
124
CHAPTER 13 The Apellate Process
386
37
The Nature of the Appellate Process
387
4
The Business of the Appellate Courts
391
5
Controversy: Close Federal Courthouse Doors to State Prisoners?
396
1
Caseloads and Expedited Processing Techniques
397
4
State Supreme Courts
401
5
Case Close-Up: In Re Quinlan: The "Right to Die"
406
1
Profile: Hands Linde: The Architect of New Judicial Federalism
407
1
Decision Making in Collegial Courts
408
6
Conclusion
414
1
Key Terms
414
1
References
415
6
For Further Reading
421
2
CHAPTER 14 The Supreme Court: Deciding What to Decide
423
30
Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
424
2
Profile: Chief Justice Earl Warren
426
1
Doctrines of Access
426
5
Case Close-Up: Baker v. Carr: Legislative Reapportionment
431
1
Mobilizing the Law to Reach the Supreme Court
432
4
Case Selection
436
5
The Court's Docket
441
4
Controversy: Does the Nation Need a Mini Supreme Court?
445
1
Conclusion
446
1
Key Terms
447
1
References
447
4
For Further Reading
451
2
CHAPTER 15 The Supreme Court: The Justices and Their Decisions
453
42
Selecting the Justices
454
5
Profile: Justice Sandra Day O'Connor
459
1
Controversy: The Divisive Confirmation of Clarence Thomas
460
3
Controversy: The Rejection of Robert Bork
463
1
The Decision-Making Process
464
6
The Justices' Policy Preferences
470
4
From Warren to Burger to Rehnquist
474
3
Case Close-Up: Roe v. Wade: Abortion Rights
477
3
Impact and Implementation
480
5
Conclusion
485
2
Key Terms
487
1
References
487
5
For Further Reading
492
3
EPILOGUE: Courts, Controversy, and Change
495
14
Rising Expectations and Decreasing Resources
495
2
The United States in the Midst of Change
497
1
Courts in the Year 2030
498
4
The Role of the Supreme Court in U.S. Political Life
502
4
Controversy: Strict Constructionism
506
1
References
507
1
For Further Reading
508
1
GLOSSARY
509
22
CASE INDEX
531
4
INDEX
535