Studies published before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) tracked the incidence and course of HIV infection in relation to cardiac illness in both children and adults. These studies show that subclinical echocardiographic abnormalities independently predict adverse outcomes and identify high-risk groups to be targeted for early intervention and therapy. The introduction of HAART has altered cardiovascular manifestations in HIV. On the one hand, HAART has significantly modified the course of HIV disease, lengthened survival, and improved the quality of life of HIV-infected patients. On the other hand, the early data have raised concerns that HAART is associated with an increase in both peripheral and coronary arterial diseases, creating an intriguing clinical scenery. This book focuses on new clinical and biological insight related to HIV-associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications in the HAART era. This second edition wants to present the latest developments and the most updated research data in this rapidly evolving field.

More than two decades into the global HIV epidemic, many HIV positive patients who have access to antiretroviral medications are graying. These patients and their clinicians now face another set of complex health issues related to aging. HIV and Aging examines the known effects of HIV and HIV medications on older patients and on their immune systems. The book explores the coalescence of aging and HIV on neurologic, psychiatric, cardiovascular, endocrine, renal, and pulmonary systems and oncology. Written by some of today’s top experts, HIV and Aging answers questions like: What are the similarities with immune system changes that occur with aging and those associated with HIV? What effects do HIV and HIV medications have on cardiovascular health? What do we know about drug interactions between antiretrovirals and medicines used to treat diseases of aging?

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