With the pervasiveness of the information revolution, the preservation of intellectual property rights through patents, copyrights, and trademarks has become far more difficult. Knock-off imitations abound and outright piracy of everything from pharmaceuticals to films to music videos is rife, especially in the vibrant markets of developing countries. Enforcement of existing international laws is often weak and countries are at odds over what should be enforced. And beneath this conflict is one more profound: where is the border between the rights of authors, singers, and innovative manufacturers to profit from the fruits of their intellectual efforts and the rights of libraries and other institutions, as well as individuals, to have access to information? In this book, Michael Ryan explains the issues, politics, and diplomacy of balancing intellectual property rights with the public's right of access. He discusses the major negotiations to forge international policy in the 1980s and 1990s, including the bilateral U.S. intellectual property negotiations with China and other developing countries, the multilateral negotiations conducted at GATT, and the 1996 copyright treaties negotiated at the World Intellectual Property Organization. He analyzes the shaping context of global competition in intellectual property-intensive industries---pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, film and music, publishing, information technology, and software---and the industries' policy advocacy tactics and strategies to protect their markets. He examines the role of the World Intellectual Property Organization and explores the new "knowledge diplomacy" that will establish the rules governing the exploitation of innovation and expression in a digital, twenty-first century global economy.

Product Description: Ryan evaluates the nature and effectiveness of U.S. trade diplomacy with Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China in the 1970s and 1980s by examining the diplomatic strategies used by the U.S. Trade Representative to enforce Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Act, which was designed to protect free trade and competition through investigations, negotiations, and sanctions...read more

Product Description: With its integrated and cohesive coverage of the current research, Magmatic Systems skillfully explores the physical processes, mechanics, and dynamics of volcanism. The text utilizes a synthesized perspective--theoretical, experimental, and observational--to address the powerful regulatory mechanisms controlling the movement of melts and cooling, with emphasis on mantle plumes, mid-ocean ridges, and intraplate magmatism...read more

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Product Description: Based on the Symposium on Magma Transport and Storage from Source to Eruption Site, held at the 28th International Geological Congress, in Washington DC, July 9-19, 1989. The symposium brought together scientists working from a broad range of perspectives to explore the processes, pathways and mechanics of magmatic movement, combining their individual focuses into a unified theme...read more