Product Description: In recent years sanctions have become an increasingly popular tool of foreign policy, not only at the multilateral level (at the UN), but also regionally (the EU in particular) and unilaterally. The nature of measures imposed has also changed: from comprehensive sanctions of regimes (discredited since Iraq in the 1990s) to 'targeted' or 'smart' sanctions, directed at specific individuals or entities (through asset freezes and travel bans) or prohibiting particular activities (arms embargoes and export prohibitions)...read more

Product Description: Since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, international law has sought to configure itself as a universal system. Yet, despite the best efforts of international institutions, scholars and others to assert theuniversal application of international law, its relevance and applicability has been influenced, if not directed, by political power...read more

Product Description: Since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, international law has sought to configure itself as a universal system. Yet, despite the best efforts of international institutions, scholars and others to assert theuniversal application of international law, its relevance and applicability has been influenced, if not directed, by political power...read more

Product Description: Treaty-based investment arbitration is becoming increasingly important in international commerce, with the vast majority of such investment cases being filed within the past three years. The issues associated with investment arbitration are therefore of growing interest not only to governments but also to the business and legal communities...read more

Product Description: Can the use of children as soldiers be effectively regulated at an international level? Child Soldiers in International Law examines how international law has developed to deal with this problematic and emotive issue. Happold looks at the rules restricting the recruitment of children into armed forces - rules which, though important, are often flouted - but also at the wider legal issues arising from child soldiering: to what extent can child soldiers be held criminally liable for their conduct? How should they be treated when captured? How are states obliged to demobilise and reintegrate them into their societies? It also identifies a move away towards enforcement, through the prosecution of those who recruit child soldiers, and proposals for Security Council sanctions against governments and groups who breach their international obligations by using children in armed conflicts...read more

Product Description: 256 pages.