Amazon.com description: Product Description: This book completes a two-volume history of the impact of the mandates system on Anglo-French colonialism in Africa from 1914 to 1946. Volume 1, Mandates and Empire: The League of Nations and Africa, 1914–1931, received the following critical acclaim: “The best study of the colonial mandates in Africa and raises important questions about the evolution of colonial empires.” The International History Review “An extensively researched and detailed study.” Journal of African History “A book of profound historical research…which deserves to become a work of incalculable value to scholars of African history as well as international relations.” Anthony Kirk-Greene, St. Antony’s College, Oxford The second volume explains how the League of Nations mandates system fused two of the predominant and compelling global forces of the twentieth century: imperialism and Wilsonian internationalism. After the First World War, Britain and France administered most of Germany’s former tropical African colonies as “mandates” under the supervision of the League as “a sacred trust of civilization.” This system of international trusteeship changed British and French rule in Africa. In short, “mandates” were not “colonies.” Mandates meant less militarism, more commercial equality, a greater emphasis on the interests of Africans, and an end to the extension of European national sovereignty over colonized peoples. Accountability to the League also required the British and French to reconsider traditional economic, strategic, and ideological assumptions about their empires. In the process, the “sacred trust” sowed the seeds of self-doubt about the very purpose and future of European imperialism. … The mandates system continued to represent a genuine internationalization and reformation of colonialism and had long-term economic, political, and cultural consequences for Africans and Europeans within the mandated territories. Despite the Depression, repeated Anglo-French foreign policy failures, growing humiliations for Geneva, and war in Africa and Europe, the principles and practices of international trusteeship proved persistent. Mandates demonstrated the relevance of international law, the importance of the League of Nations, and the impact of Wilsonian principles on international relations and European imperialism.