This volume is the product of a conference, jointly sponsored by the RAND Corporation and Centre Asie Ifri and summarizes the discussions at the conference, which was held in Paris in June 2003. The chapters in the report were written by researchers fromboth organizations and subsequently edited to produce a mutually acceptable consensus document. The resulting volume offers U.S. and French views of the evolution of Chinese national security policy and military capabilities in the next two decades. Its aim is to examine the issues through a U.S.-French prism and to facilitate analysis of how to develop U.S.-European cooperation on relations with China.