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Tables of Contents for Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Symbols and Abbreviations
xiii
 
Introduction
1
6
Polar Materials and Effects
7
50
Polar and Nonpolar Dielectrics
7
3
The Nonpolarity of Liquid Crystals in General
10
2
Behavior of Dielectrics in Electric Fields: Classification of Polar Materials
12
4
Developments in the Understanding of Polar Effects
16
6
The van der Waals Attraction and Born's Mean Field Theory
22
7
Landau Preliminaries. The Concept of Order Parameter
29
11
The Simplest Description of a Ferroelectric
40
8
Improper Ferroelectrics
48
3
The Piezoelectric Phase
51
6
The Necessary Conditions for Macroscopic Polarization
57
36
The Neumann and Curie Principles
57
1
Franz Neumann, Konigsberg, and the Rise of Theoretical Physics
58
3
Neumann's Principle Applied to Liquid Crystals
61
2
The Surface-Stabilized State
63
9
Chirality and its Consequences
72
4
The Curie Principle and Piezoelectricity
76
3
Hermann's Theorem
79
2
The Importance of Additional Symmetries
81
2
Optical Activity and Enantiomorphism
83
5
Non-Chiral Polar and NLO-Active Liquid Crystals
88
5
The Flexoelectric Polarization
93
22
Deformations from the Ground State of a Nematic
93
1
The Flexoelectric Coefficients
94
1
The Molecular Picture
95
2
Analogies and Contrasts to the Piezoelectric Effect
97
1
The Importance of Rational Sign Conventions
97
2
Singularities are Charged in Liquid Crystals
99
2
The Flexoelectrooptic Effect
101
4
Why Can a Cholesteric Phase not be Biaxial?
105
1
Flexoelectric Effects in the Smectic A Phase
106
1
Flexoelectric Effects in the Smectic C Phase
107
8
The SmA*--SmC* Transition and the Helical C* State
115
54
The Smectic C Order Parameter
115
3
The SmA*--SmC* Transition
118
11
The Smectic C* Order Parameters
129
2
The Helical Smectic C* State
131
3
The Flexoelectric Contribution in the Helical State
134
1
Nonchiral Helielectrics and Antiferroelectrics
135
3
Mesomorphic States without Director Symmetry
138
2
Simple Landau Expansions
140
7
The Electroclinic Effect
147
7
The Deformed Helix Mode in Short Pitch Materials
154
2
The Landau Expansion for the Helical C* State
156
5
The Pikin--Indenbom Order Parameter
161
8
Electrooptics in the Surface-Stabilized State
169
30
The Linear Electrooptic Effect
169
3
The Quadratic Torque
172
3
Switching Dynamics
175
3
The Scaling Law for the Cone Mode Viscosity
178
1
Simple Solutions of the Director Equation of Motion
179
1
Electrooptic Measurements
180
5
Optical Anisotropy and Biaxiality
185
2
The Effects of Dielectric Biaxiality
187
4
The Viscosity of the Rotational Modes in the Smectic C Phase
191
8
Dielectric Spectroscopy: To Find the γ and ε Tensor Components
199
16
Viscosities of Rotational Modes
199
1
The Viscosity of the Collective Modes
199
3
The Viscosity of the Noncollective Modes
202
3
The Viscosity γϕ from Electrooptic Measurements
205
1
The Dielectric Permittivity Tensor
206
1
The Case of Helical Smectic C* Structures
206
3
Three Sample Geometries
209
2
Tilted Smectic Layers
211
1
Nonchiral Smectics C
212
1
Limitations in the Measurement Methods
213
2
FLC Device Structures and Local-Layer Geometry
215
26
The Application Potential of FLC
215
3
Surface-Stabilized States
218
3
FLC with Chevron Structures
221
5
Analog Grey Levels
226
2
Thin Walls and Thick Walls
228
6
C1 and C2 Chevrons
234
7
FLC Devices
241
22
The FLC Technology Developed by Canon
241
3
The Microdisplays of Displaytech
244
1
Idemitsu's Polymer FLC
245
2
The Stuttgart Technology
247
8
Material Problems in FLC Technology
255
2
Nonchevron Structures
257
6
Digital Grey and Color
263
12
Analog versus Digital Grey
263
2
Spatial and Temporal Dither
265
10
Elastic Properties of Smectics
275
26
Continuum Description of the Smectic A Phase
275
7
Continuum Description of the Smectic C Phase
282
4
The Smectic C Continuum Theory in the Local Frame of Reference
286
2
The Case of Undistorted Layers
288
7
The Elastic Energy Expression for Smectic C*
295
4
The Energy Expression in an Electric Field
299
2
Smectic Elasticity Applied to SSFLC Cells
301
24
The P (ϕ)-C (ϕ) Description
301
5
Helical States, Unwinding and Switching
306
6
Splayed States
312
4
Characteristic Lengths
316
3
The Electrostatic Self-Interaction
319
6
Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals
325
76
The Recognition of Antiferroelectricity in Liquid Crystals
326
5
Half-Integral Disclinations
331
4
Antiferroelectric and Ferrielectric Phases
335
7
A Complicated Surface Condition
342
4
Landau Descriptions of Antiferroelectric and Ferrielectric Phases
346
3
Ising Models
349
9
Helix Models
358
11
The Present Understanding of the Antiferroelectric Phases
369
7
Freely Suspended Smectic Films
376
7
Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays
383
7
Thresholdless Smectic Modes
390
11
Current Trends and Outlook
401
4
References
405
12
Index
417