search for books and compare prices
Tables of Contents for Ecuador
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xix
Editor Biographies
xxi
Acknowledgments
xxiii
Acronyms and Abbreviations
xxv
Synthesis
xxxiii
Purpose and Organization
xxxiii
Central Message
xxxiv
The Development Agenda---Diagnostic Study and Policies
xxxviii
Preserving Stability with Fiscal Discipline and Accelerating Growth with Competitiveness
xxxix
Tax Reform
xlii
Spending Cuts, Reorientation, and Transparency
xliv
Sustainability of Public Debt
xlv
Strengthening the Financial System
xlvi
The Oil Sector
xlviii
Commercial Reform
xlix
Development of Basic Infrastructure
li
Boosting Sustained and Equitable Social Development
liii
Building a Quality Government That Serves All Ecuadorans and Fights against Corruption
lx
The Vision of a New Ecuador
lxv
Table 1. Ecuador: A Possible Order of Priorities in the Design and Implementation of Policies for Boosting Economic and Social Development
lxvi
Part I Preserving Stability with Fiscal Discipline and Accelerating Growth with Competitiveness
3
532
Maintaining Stability with Fiscal Discipline and Competitiveness
3
40
Background
4
3
Recent Macroeconomic Performance
7
5
The Challenges of Maintaining Stability
12
15
Policy Recommendations
27
7
Conclusion
34
9
Policy Matrix
37
3
Annex: Ecuador: Selected Economic Indicators
40
3
Tax Policy and Administration
43
22
Background
44
2
The Three Primary Problems of the Tax Policy
46
8
The Problem of the Proliferation of Taxes
47
1
The Recurring Problem of Exemptions
48
4
The Problem of Preallocations
52
2
Two Priority Problems for the Tax Administration
54
2
The Independence of the SRI
55
1
The Efforts of the CAE
55
1
Recommendations
56
9
Tax Administration Recommendations
57
3
Recommendation Matrix
60
2
Annex
62
3
Debt Administration and Sustainability
65
20
Background
66
1
Present Debt Structure
67
4
Ecuador's Debt Reduction Plan
71
5
Debt Sustainability Analysis
74
2
Policy Recommendations
76
9
First Stage: Recouping Credibility
77
1
Second Stage: Modernizing Debt Management
77
2
Recommendations for the Short Term
79
1
Recommendations for the Medium Term
80
1
Policy Matrix
81
1
Annex: Public Debt Dynamics
82
3
The Banking System
85
30
The Postcrisis Financial System: Structure and Depth
86
4
The Structure of the Banking System
89
1
Trends in Bank Balances, Solvency, and Yield
90
9
Balance Trends
90
9
Strengthening Individual and System Risk Management
99
3
Institutional Structure and Management of Cash Risk
99
3
Strengthening Supervision and Regulation
102
1
Issues in the Settlement of Payments and Securities 17
102
3
The Financial Safety Net
105
2
Policy Recommendations
107
8
Policy Matrix
110
5
Petroleum Policy
115
48
The Evolution of the Petroleum Sector and Legal Framework
115
4
The Main Problems of the Petroleum Industry in Ecuador
119
12
The Problem of VAT Reimbursement and Contractual Stability
120
1
Increasing Petroleum Production
121
3
Reserves
124
1
General Subsidy for Liquid Petroleum
125
1
Price and Tax Policy, and Lack of Competition in the Derivatives Market
125
1
Investments in Refining
126
1
Administrative System for Petroleum Revenues
127
2
Legal and Institutional Framework
129
1
Environmental and Social Impact
130
1
Recommendations and Implementation
131
10
A Solution to the VAT Problem
131
1
Increasing the Production of PetroEcuador's Oil Fields
132
1
Increasing Reserves
132
1
Elimination of Indiscriminate Subsidies for Gas
133
1
New Price and Tax Policy
134
1
Investment in Refining
135
1
Improvements in the Administration of Petroleum Revenues
135
1
New Legal and Institutional Framework
136
1
Management of Environmental and Social Impact
137
1
Policy Matrix
138
3
Economic Results
141
22
Annex 1: Historic Evolution and Description of the Sector
144
11
Annex 2: Updated Study on Taxes and Subsidies for Derivatives
155
3
Annex 3: Economic Performance
158
5
Trade Policy and Competition
163
32
Precedents
164
4
Liberalization of the Ecuadoran Economy in the 1990s
164
4
The Foundations of Ecuadoran Development
168
9
Recommendations
169
6
Other Recommendations
175
2
Price Bands
177
6
Recommendations
181
2
Technical Regulations
183
12
A Lack of ``Domestic Treatment''
183
1
INEN and WTO Regulations
183
2
Recommendations
185
2
Policy Matrix
187
2
Annex 1
189
2
Annex 2
191
4
Basic Infrastructure: Water and Sanitation, Electricity, Telecommunications, and Transport
195
56
Introduction
196
8
Description of the Sectors
197
7
Diagnosis of the Main Problems and Challenges
204
26
Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
204
9
Management of Water Resources
213
1
Energy Sector
214
5
Telecommunications Sector
219
6
Transport Sector
225
4
Highway Safety
229
1
Sectoral Policy Recommendations
230
21
Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
231
4
Energy Sector
235
2
Telecommunications Sector
237
2
Transport Sector
239
1
Community Infrastructure
240
4
Sectoral Action Plan
244
7
Urban Development
251
14
Diagnostic Study
252
8
Urbanization
252
2
Land and Housing in Urban Areas
254
2
Urban Services
256
3
Economic Vulnerability and Vulnerability to Natural Disasters
259
1
Recommendations
260
5
Policy Matrix
262
3
Part II Boosting Sustainable and Equitable Social Development
Education
265
28
Introduction
266
1
The Educational System: Principal Problems
266
15
Limited and Unequal Access to Education
271
4
Low Quality of the Education Imparted
275
2
Serious Difficulties for Financing Education
277
2
Problems in Sector Administration
279
2
Recommendations
281
12
Policy Matrix
283
3
Annex
286
7
Health
293
26
Introduction
294
3
Ecuadoran Health: Characteristics and Diagnosis
297
4
Problems with Record Keeping and Premature Mortality from Preventable Causes
297
2
High Infant Mortality Rates
299
1
High Prevalence of Risk Factors for Infant Mortality
300
1
High Maternal Mortality Rates
301
1
Problems in the Health Services System
301
11
Background
302
1
Fragmentary Organization and Underutilized Resources
303
1
Insufficient Government Spending and Inequitable Private Spending on Health
304
1
Nontransparent Financing
305
1
Limited Health Insurance Coverage
306
2
Inadequate Performance of the Essential Functions of the Ministry of Public Health, Shortfalls of the IESS, and Difficulties in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals
308
1
Limitations of the IESS Health Area
309
1
Difficulties in Achieving Millennium Development Goals
310
2
Recommendations
312
7
Extension of Access to Basic Services
313
1
Decentralization for a Better Supply of Health Services
314
1
Sectorial Coordination and the Future for the Ministry of Public Health and the IESS
315
2
Policy Matrix
317
2
The Social Assistance System
319
28
Introduction
320
1
Principal Features of the Social Assistance System
321
1
Supply and Demand for Social Assistance
322
9
Vulnerable Groups
322
7
Social Risk Management Strategies
329
2
Problems of the Social Assistance System
331
5
Recommendations
336
5
Increase the Flexibility of the Social Assistance System
337
1
Improve Coordination and Targeting in Existing Programs
337
2
Reorient the Bono Solidario Cash Subsidy Program toward Becoming a Program of Conditioned Subsidies
339
2
Conclusions
341
6
Policy Matrix
342
3
Annex: Incidence of Social Assistance Programs (Selected)
345
2
The Pension System
347
22
System Diagnostic
348
10
The Institutional Organization of Ecuador's Pension System
348
1
Structure of the Pension System Prior to the Reform
349
2
Financial Situation
351
2
The Level of the Benefits
353
1
Coverage
354
3
The Reform
357
1
Proposed Solutions
358
11
Problems of Coverage, in Terms of Broadness and Depth
359
3
The Financial Management of the IESS
362
1
Partial Implementation of the Reform of the Social Security System
363
2
Policy Matrix
365
4
Rural Development
369
24
Introduction
370
4
Three Strategic Goals for Rural Development
374
2
Key Issues in Rural Development in Ecuador
376
7
The Institutional Framework of Rural Development
383
1
Conclusions and Recommendations
384
9
Recommendations
385
3
Policy Matrix
388
5
The Environment and Sustainable Development
393
18
Introduction
394
1
Poverty and the Environment
394
5
Environmental Pollution
396
1
Natural Disasters
397
2
Sustainable Development
399
5
Comprehensive Resource Planning and Management
400
1
Natural Resource Management and Economic Growth
401
3
Recommendations
404
7
Environmental Regulation
404
3
Environmental Investment
407
4
Part III Building a Quality Government That Serves All Ecuadorans and Fights against Corruption
The Environment and Governance and Corruption
411
34
Governance in Ecuador from a Comparative International Perspective
412
2
Corruption and Its Impact
414
13
The Cost of Corruption
415
12
Local Government and Decentralization
427
3
Institutional Vulnerability
430
2
Recommendations
432
13
The Climate for Reforms
433
1
Openness, Transparency, and Accountability in Society
433
1
Imperatives for Public Administration
434
1
A Broad and Inclusive Approach
435
2
Policy Matrix
437
1
Annex: Governance in Ecuador: Citizens and Public Employees Give Their Opinions
438
7
The Labor Market and Civil Service in Ecuador
445
34
Introduction
446
1
The Labor Market in Ecuador
447
5
Employment and Unemployment
447
2
Labor Income and Salaries
449
3
Problems in the Private Market
452
3
Setting Salaries, Salary Unification, and Incentives for Creating Formal Jobs
452
1
Creating Formal Jobs
452
2
Outsourcing and Flexibility in the Labor Market
454
1
Recommendations for the Private Labor Market
455
1
Recommendations for Setting Salaries
455
1
Recommendations on Labor Market Flexibility
456
1
Civil Service in Ecuador
456
7
Number of Personnel
456
1
Policy Matrix for the Private Labor Market
457
2
Public Employee Systems in Ecuador
459
1
Public Sector Salary Expenses
460
1
Human Resources Management
460
1
Salary Policy
461
2
Principal Problems
463
3
Recommendations
466
13
Recommendations on Salary Reform
466
1
Recommendations on Human Resources Management and SENDOSEP
467
1
Policy Matrix
468
1
Technical Annex: Determining Real Salaries in Ecuador, 1998--2001
469
3
Annex 1: Civil Service and Administrative Career, Salary Schedules, 1997--2002
472
2
Annex 2: Budgetary Classification of Expenditures
474
2
Annex 3: Basic Salary Schedule for Public Employment Governments, 2002
476
3
Decentralization
479
36
The Principal Problem and the Challenges of Decentralization
480
2
Diagnosis
482
12
Structure of the State and Intergovernmental Relations
482
3
Administrative Decentralization: Transfer of Powers
485
2
Fiscal Decentralization: Transfer of Resources
487
6
Management of the Decentralization Process
493
1
Policy Recommendations
494
21
Structure of the State and Intergovernmental Relations
494
1
Administrative Decentralization: Transfer of Powers
495
2
Fiscal Decentralization
497
4
Management of the Decentralization Process
501
2
Policy Matrix
503
6
Annex: Special Laws Governing the Transfer of Resources and Revenue-Sharing for the Benefit of Municipalities and Provincial Councils
509
6
The Administration of Justice
515
20
Persistent Problems
516
6
Lack of Access
516
1
Costs
516
2
Legal Assistance
518
1
Functionality
518
1
Lack of Confidence in the System
518
4
Recommendations
522
3
Legal Reform
522
3
Conclusions
525
10
Policy Matrix
526
4
Annex 1: Reforms of the System
530
3
Annex 2: Institutions
533
2
Bibliography
535