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Tables of Contents for Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
The Human Body: An Orientation
1
20
An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
2
1
Anatomy
2
1
Physiology
2
1
Levels of Structural Organization
2
5
From Atoms to Organisms
2
1
Organ System Overview
3
4
Maintaining Life
7
2
Necessary Life Functions
7
2
Survival Needs
9
1
Homeostasis
9
2
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
10
1
Homeostatic Imbalance
11
1
The Language of Anatomy
11
8
Anatomical Positions and Directional Terms
11
1
Regional Terms
11
4
Body Planes and Sections
15
1
Body Cavities
15
4
Summary
19
1
Review Questions
20
1
At the Clinic
20
1
Focus on Careers: Dental Hygienist
20
1
Basic Chemistry
21
32
Concepts of Matter and Energy
22
1
Matter
22
1
Energy
22
1
Composition of Matter
23
5
Elements and Atoms
23
1
Atomic Structure
24
2
Identifying Elements
26
2
Molecules and Compounds
28
1
Chemical Bonds and Chemical Reactions
28
8
Bond Formation
28
5
Patterns of Chemical Reactions
33
3
Biochemistry: The Chemical Composition of Living Matter
36
12
Inorganic Compounds
36
3
Organic Compounds
39
9
Summary
48
3
Review Questions
51
1
At the Clinic
52
A Closer Look Medical Imaging: Illuminating the Body
34
19
Cells and Tissues
53
1
PART 1: CELLS
54
20
Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life
54
1
Anatomy of a Generalized Cell
54
7
The Nucleus
55
1
The Plasma Membrane
56
1
The Cytoplasm
57
4
Cell Physiology
61
13
Membrane Transport
61
6
Cell Division
67
5
Protein Synthesis
72
2
PART 2: BODY TISSUES
74
449
Epithelial Tissue
76
2
Special Characteristics of Epithelium
76
1
Classification of Epithelium
76
2
Connective Tissue
78
4
Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue
78
2
Types of Connective Tissue
80
2
Muscle Tissue
82
2
Types of Muscle Tissue
83
1
Nervous Tissue
84
1
Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)
84
2
Developmental Aspects of Cells and Tissues
86
1
Summary
87
2
Review Questions
89
1
At the Clinic
90
A Closer Look IV Therapy and Cellular ``Tonics''
64
6
A Closer Look Cancer---The Intimate Enemy
70
3
Focus on Careers: Medical Transcriptionist
73
18
Skin and Body Membranes
91
20
Classification of Body Membranes
92
2
Epithelial Membranes
92
2
Connective Tissues Membranes
94
1
Integumentary System (Skin)
94
11
Basic Skin Functions
94
1
Structure of the Skin
95
3
Skin Color
98
1
Appendages of the Skin
99
4
Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin
103
2
Developmental Aspects of Skin and Body Membranes
105
2
Summary
107
2
Review Questions
109
1
At the Clinic
110
A Closer Look Vampires and Touch-Me-Nots
106
2
Systems in Sync
108
3
The Skeletal System
111
42
Bones: An Overview
112
8
Functions of the Bones
112
1
Classification of Bones
113
1
Structure of a Long Bone
114
3
Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling
117
1
Bone Fractures
118
2
Axial Skeleton
120
12
Skull
120
6
Vertebral Column (Spine)
126
6
Bony Thorax
132
1
Appendicular Skeleton
132
11
Bones of the Shoulder Girdle
132
3
Bones of the Upper Limbs
135
1
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
136
2
Bones of the Lower Limbs
138
5
Joints
143
4
Fibrous Joints
143
1
Cartilaginous Joints
143
1
Synovial Joints
143
1
Inflammatory Disorders of Joints
144
3
Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton
147
2
Summary
149
2
Review Questions
151
1
At the Clinic
152
A Closer Look Protect Your Back---It's the Only One You've Got!
130
10
A Closer Look Surface Anatomy---Exploring Yourself
140
8
Systems in Sync
148
5
The Muscular System
153
40
Overview of Muscle Tissues
154
4
Muscle Types
154
3
Muscle Functions
157
1
Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
158
2
Skeletal Muscle Activity
160
8
Stimulation and Contraction of Single Skeletal Muscle Cells
160
4
Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole
164
4
Muscle Movements, Types, and Names
168
5
Types of Body Movements
168
3
Types of Muscles
171
1
Naming Skeletal Muscles
172
1
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
173
13
Head Muscles
173
1
Truck and Neck Muscles
174
3
Muscles of the Upper Limb
177
1
Muscles of the Lower Limb
178
8
Developmental Aspects of the Muscular System
186
3
Summary
189
1
Review Questions
190
1
At the Clinic
191
A Closer Look Athletes Looking Good---Doing Better with Anabolic Steroids?
172
15
Focus on Careers: Massage Therapist
187
1
Systems in Sync
188
5
The Nervous System
193
46
Organization of the Nervous System
195
1
Structural Classification
195
1
Functional Classification
195
1
Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function
196
9
Supporting Cells
196
3
Neurons
199
6
Central Nervous System
205
13
Functional Anatomy of the Brain
206
5
Protection of the Central Nervous System
211
4
Brain Dysfunctions
215
1
Spinal Cord
216
2
Peripheral Nervous System
218
11
Structure of a Nerve
218
1
Cranial Nerves
218
4
Spinal Nerves and Nerve Plexuses
222
3
Autonomic Nervous System
225
4
Developmental Aspects of the Nervous System
229
5
Summary
234
2
Review Questions
236
1
At the Clinic
237
A Closer Look Pleasure Me! Pleasure Me!
214
17
A Closer Look Tracking Down CNS Problems
231
2
Systems in Sync
233
6
Special Senses
239
26
The Eye and Vision
240
11
Anatomy of the Eye
240
7
Pathway of Light through the Eye and Light Refraction
247
3
Visual Fields and Visual Pathways to the Brain
250
1
Eye Reflexes
250
1
The Ear: Hearing and Balance
251
6
Anatomy of the Ear
251
2
Mechanism of Hearing
253
1
Mechanisms of Equilibrium
254
2
Hearing and Equilibrium Deficits
256
1
Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell
257
4
Olfactory Receptors and the Sense of Smell
257
1
Taste Buds and the Sense of Taste
258
1
Developmental Aspects of the Special Senses
259
2
Summary
261
1
Review Questions
262
1
At the Clinic
263
A Closer Look Visual Pigments---The Actual Photoreceptors
245
3
A Closer Look If I Can't See Things Far Away, Am I Nearsighted or Farsighted?
248
17
The Endocrine System
265
28
The Endocrine System and Hormone Function---An Overview
266
3
The Chemistry of Hormones
266
1
Mechanisms of Hormone Action
266
1
Control of Hormone Release
267
2
The Major Endocrine Organs
269
16
Pituitary Gland
269
5
Thyroid Gland
274
2
Parathyroid Glands
276
1
Adrenal Glands
277
3
Pancreatic Islets
280
2
Pineal Gland
282
1
Thymus
282
2
Gonads
284
1
Other Hormone-Producing Tissues and Organs
285
1
Placenta
288
Developmental Aspects of the Endocrine System
285
3
Summary
288
2
Review Questions
290
1
At the Clinic
291
A Closer Look Sunlight and the Clock Within
283
4
Systems in Sync
287
6
Blood
293
20
Composition and Functions of Blood
294
1
Components
294
7
Physical Characteristics, and Volume
294
1
Plasma
294
1
Formed Elements
295
5
Hematopoiesis (Blood Cell Formation)
300
1
Hemostasis
301
4
Disorders of Hemostasis
303
2
Blood Groups and Transfusions
305
3
Human Blood Groups
305
3
Blood Typing
308
1
Developmental Aspects of Blood
308
1
Summary
309
1
Review Questions
310
1
At the Clinic
311
A Closer Look Concocting Blood: Artificial Blood Substitutes
304
3
Focus on Careers: Phlebotomy Technician
307
6
The Cardiovascular System
313
38
Cardiovascular System: The Heart
314
11
Anatomy of the Heart
314
6
Physiology of the Heart
320
5
Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels
325
19
Microscopic Anatomy of Blood Vessels
325
2
Gross Anatomy of Blood Vessels
327
11
Physiology of Circulation
338
6
Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System
344
2
Summary
346
2
Review Questions
348
1
At the Clinic
349
A Closer Look Atherosclerosis? Get Out the Cardiovascular Drano!
336
A Closer Look Electrocardiography: (Don't) Be Still My Heart
321
14
Focus on Careers: Certified Surgical Technologist (CST)
335
9
Systems in Sync
344
7
The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
351
34
Lymphatic System
352
1
Lymphatic Vessels
352
1
Lymph Nodes
353
2
Other Lymphoid Organs
355
1
Body Defenses
356
1
Nonspecific Body Defenses
357
5
Surface Membrane Barriers
357
1
Cells and Chemicals
357
5
Specific Body Defenses: The Immune System
362
15
Antigens
363
1
Cells of the Immune System: An Overview
363
2
Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immune Response
365
6
Cellular (Cell-Mediated) Immune Response
371
3
Organ Transplants and Rejection
374
1
Disorders of Immunity
374
3
Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
377
4
Summary
381
2
Review Questions
383
1
At the Clinic
384
A Closer Look AIDS: The Plague of the Twentieth Century
378
2
Systems in Sync
380
5
The Respiratory System
385
26
Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System
386
7
The Nose
386
2
Pharynx
388
1
Larynx
388
1
Trachea
388
1
Primary Bronchi
389
1
Lungs
389
4
Respiratory Physiology
393
10
Mechanics of Breathing
393
2
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
395
1
Respiratory Sounds
396
1
External Respiration, Gas Transport, and Internal Respiration
397
2
Control of Respiration
399
4
Respiratory Disorders
403
2
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
403
2
Developmental Aspects of the Respiratory System
405
2
Summary
407
2
Review Questions
409
1
At the Clinic
410
A Closer Look Dangerous Raptures of the Deep
400
4
Focus on Careers: Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
404
2
Systems in Sync
406
5
The Digestive System and Body Metabolism
411
44
Anatomy of the Digestive System
412
11
Organs of the Alimentary Canal
412
9
Accessory Digestive Organs
421
2
Functions of the Digestive System
423
11
Overview of the Gastrointestinal Processes and Controls
423
2
Activities Occurring in the Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
425
4
Activities of the Stomach
429
1
Activities of the Small Intestine
430
3
Activities of the Large Intestine
433
1
Nutrition and Metabolism
434
11
Nutrition
435
1
Metabolism
435
1
Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism in Body Cells
436
3
The Central Role of the Liver in Metabolism
439
2
Body Energy Balance
441
4
Developmental Aspects of the Digestive System and Metabolism
445
4
Summary
449
3
Review Questions
452
1
At the Clinic
453
A Closer Look Peptic Ulcers: ``Something Is Eating at Me''
428
18
A Closer Look Obesity: Magical Solution Wanted
446
2
Systems in Sync
448
7
The Urinary System
455
22
Kidneys
456
12
Location and Structure
456
2
Nephrons and Urine Formation
458
4
Control of Blood Composition by the Kidneys
462
5
Characteristics of Urine
467
1
Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra
468
3
Ureters
468
2
Urinary Bladder
470
1
Urethra
470
1
Micturition
471
1
Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System
471
2
Summary
473
2
Review Questions
475
1
At the Clinic
476
A Closer Look Renal Failure and the Artificial Kidney
469
3
Systems in Sync
472
5
The Reproductive System
477
46
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
478
4
Testes
479
1
Duct System
479
1
Accessory Glands and Semen
480
1
External Genitalia
481
1
Male Reproductive Functions
482
3
Spermatogenesis
482
2
Testosterone Production
484
1
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
485
3
Ovaries
485
1
Duct System
486
2
External Genitalia
488
1
Female Reproductive Functions and Cycles
488
6
Oogenesis and the Ovarian Cycle
488
3
Menstrual Cycle
491
1
Hormone Production by the Ovaries
492
2
Mammary Glands
494
1
Survey of Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
495
9
Accomplishing Fertilization
495
1
Events of Embryonic and Fetal Development
496
3
Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother
499
1
Childbirth
500
4
Developmental Aspects of the Reproductive System
504
3
Summary
507
2
Review Questions
509
1
At the Clinic
510
A Closer Look Contraception: To Be or Not to Be
502
Focus on Careers: Doula
490
16
Systems in Sync
506
5
Appendixes
Appendix A: Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes
511
3
Appendix B: Periodic Table
514
1
Appendix C: Key Information about Vitamins and Many Essential Minerals
515
2
Appendix D: A.D.A.M.(R) Correlations
517
6
Photography and Art Credits
523
2
Glossary
525
18
Index
543