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Tables of Contents for Audio and Hi-Fi Handbook
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xi
Sound Waves
1
13
Dr W. Tempest
Pure tones and complex waveforms
1
1
Random noise
2
1
Decibels
2
1
Sound in rooms
3
1
Reverberation
4
1
Reverberation, intelligibility and music
4
1
Studio and listening room acoustics
4
1
The ear and hearing
5
1
Perception of intensity and frequency
6
1
Pitch perception
7
1
Discrimination and masking
7
1
Binaural hearing
8
1
The Haas effect
8
1
Distortion
9
3
Electronic noise absorbers
12
1
References
12
2
Microphones
14
14
John Borwick
Introduction
14
1
Microphone characteristics
14
2
Microphone types
16
2
The microphone as a voltage generator
18
6
Microphones for stereo
24
3
Surround sound
27
1
References
27
1
Studio and Control Room Acoustics
28
13
Peter Mapp
Introduction
28
1
Noise control
28
5
Studio and control room acoustics
33
8
Principles of Digital Audio
41
26
Allen Mornington-West
Introduction
41
1
Analogue and digital
41
2
Elementary logic processes
43
1
The significance of bits and bobs
44
2
Transmitting digital signals
46
1
The analogue audio waveform
47
4
Arithmetic
51
3
Digital filtering
54
4
Other binary operations
58
1
Sampling and quantising
58
7
Transform and masking coders
65
1
Bibliography
65
2
Compact Disc Technology
67
26
Ken Clements
Introduction
67
1
The compact disc . . . some basic facts
67
1
The compact disc . . . what information it contains
68
1
Quantisation errors
69
1
Aliasing noise
69
2
Error correction
71
1
How are the errors corrected?
71
1
Interleaving
72
1
Control word
73
1
Eight to fourteen modulation
74
1
Compact disc construction
74
3
The eight to fourteen modulation process
77
1
Coupling bits
77
1
Pit lengths
77
1
Sync. word
78
2
Optical assembly
80
4
Servo circuits
84
2
The decoder
86
1
Digital filtering and digital to analogue conversion
87
5
Bibliography
92
1
Digital Audio Recording
93
19
John Watkinson
Types of media
93
3
Recording media compared
96
1
Some digital audio processes outlined
97
7
Hard disk recorders
104
1
The PCM adaptor
105
1
An open reel digital recorder
106
1
Rotary head digital recorders
107
3
Digital compact cassette
110
1
Editing digital audio tape
110
1
Bibliography
111
1
Tape Recording
112
27
John Linsley Hood
The basic system
112
1
The magnetic tape
112
1
The recording process
113
1
Sources of non-uniformity in frequency response
114
2
Record/replay equalisation
116
1
Head design
117
3
Recording track dimensions
120
1
HF bias
120
3
The tape transport mechanism
123
1
Transient performance
123
1
Tape noise
124
1
Electronic circuit design
125
2
Replay equalisation
127
2
The bias oscillator
129
1
The record amplifier
130
1
Recording level indication
131
1
Tape drive control
131
1
Professional tape recording equipment
131
1
General description
132
1
Multi-track machines
133
1
Digital recording systems
134
4
Recommended further reading
138
1
Noise Reduction Systems
139
18
David Fisher
Introduction
139
1
Non-complementary systems
140
2
Complementary systems
142
1
Emphasis
142
1
Companding systems
143
4
The Dolby A systems
147
1
Telecom C4
148
1
dbx
148
1
Dolby B
149
1
Dolby C
150
2
Dolby SR
152
3
Dolby S
155
1
Bibliography
156
1
The Vinyl Disc
157
14
Alvin Gold
Don Aldous
Introduction
157
1
Background
157
1
Summary of major steps and processes
157
1
The lathe
158
1
Cutting the acetate
158
2
In pursuit of quality
160
1
The influence of digital processing
161
1
Disc cutting - problems and solutions
161
1
Disc pressing
162
1
Disc reproduction
163
1
Drive systems
163
2
Pick-up arms and cartridges
165
1
The cartridge/arm combination
165
2
Style
167
1
Specifications
168
1
Measurement methods
169
1
Maintaining old recordings
169
1
References
170
1
Value Amplifiers
171
15
Morgan Jones
Who uses valves and why?
171
1
Subjectivism and objectivism
172
1
Fixed pattern noise
172
1
What is a valve?
172
2
Valve models and AC parameters
174
2
Practical circuit examples
176
7
Other circuits and sources of information
183
3
Tuners and Radio Receivers
186
29
John Linsley Hood
Background
186
1
Basic requirements for radio reception
186
1
The influence of the ionosphere
187
1
Why VHF transmissions?
188
1
AM or FM?
189
1
FM broadcast standards
190
1
Stereo encoding and decoding
190
1
The Zenith-GE `pilot tone' stereophonic system
190
2
The BBC pulse code modulation (PCM) programme distribution system
192
3
Supplementary broadcast signals
195
1
Alternative transmission methods
195
1
Radio receiver design
196
16
Circuit design
212
1
New Developments
213
1
Appendix 11.1 BBC transmitted MF and VHF signal parameters
214
1
Appendix 11.2 The 57 KHz sub-carrier radio data system (RDS)
214
1
Pre-amps and Inputs
215
11
John Linsley Hood
Requirements
215
1
Signal voltage and impedance levels
215
1
Gramophone pick-up inputs
216
1
Input circuitry
217
2
Moving coil PU head amplifier design
219
1
Circuit arrangements
219
4
Input connections
223
1
Input switching
223
3
Voltage Amplifiers and Controls
226
26
John Linsley Hood
Preamplifier stages
226
1
Linearity
226
4
Noise levels
230
1
Output voltage characteristics
230
1
Voltage amplifier design techniques
231
1
Constant-current sources and `current mirrors'
232
3
Performance standards
235
2
Audibility of distortion components
237
2
General design consideration
239
1
Controls
240
12
Power Output Stages
252
24
John Linsley Hood
Valve-operated amplifier designs
252
1
Early transistor power amplifier designs
253
1
Listener fatigue and crossover distortion
253
2
Improved transistor output stage design
255
1
Power MOSFET output devices
255
3
Output transistor protection
258
1
Power output and power dissipation
259
2
General power amplifier design considerations
261
1
Slew-rate limiting and transient intermodulation distortion
262
1
Advanced amplifier designs
263
6
Alternative design approaches
269
3
Contemporary amplifier design practice
272
2
Sound quality and specifications
274
2
Loudspeakers
276
14
Stan Kelly
Radiation of sound
276
1
Characteristic impedance
277
1
Radiation impedance
277
1
Radiation from a piston
277
1
Directivity
277
1
Sound pressure produced at distance
277
2
Electrical analogue
279
1
Diaphragm/suspension assembly
280
1
Diaphragm size
280
1
Diaphragm profile
281
1
Straight-sided cones
282
1
Material
283
1
Soft domes
284
1
Suspensions
284
1
Voice coil
285
1
Moving coil loudspeaker
285
1
Motional impedance
286
3
References
289
1
Loudspeaker Enclosures
290
20
Stan Kelly
Fundamentals
290
1
Infinite baffle
290
2
Reflex cabinets
292
3
Labyrinth enclosures
295
1
Professional systems
296
1
Networks
296
2
Components
298
1
Ribbon loudspeaker
298
1
Wide range ribbon systems
299
1
Pressure drive units
300
3
Electrostatic loudspeakers (ESL)
303
7
Headphones
310
9
Dave Berriman
A brief history
310
1
Pros and cons of headphone listening
310
1
Headphone types
311
3
Basic headphone types
314
2
Measuring headphones
316
1
The future
317
2
Public Address and Sound Reinforcement
319
18
Peter Mapp
Introduction
319
1
Signal distribution
319
3
Loudspeakers for public address and sound reinforcement
322
1
Cone driver units/cabinet loudspeakers
322
3
Loudspeaker systems and coverage
325
3
Speech intelligibility
328
2
Signal (time) delay systems
330
2
Equalisers and sound system equalisation
332
1
Compressor-limiters and other signal processing equipment
333
1
Amplifiers and mixers
334
1
Cinema systems and miscellaneous applications
335
1
References and bibliography
336
1
In-Car Audio
337
25
Dave Berriman
Modern car audio
337
1
FM car reception
337
1
Power amplifiers
338
1
Separate power amps
339
1
Multi-speaker replay
340
1
Ambisonics
340
1
Cassette players
341
2
Compact disc
343
1
Digital audio tape
344
1
Loudspeakers
345
7
Installation
352
8
The future for in-car audio
360
2
Sound Synthesis
362
16
Mark Jenkins
Electronic sound sources
362
1
Synthesizers, simple and complex
362
1
Radiophonics and sound workshops
363
3
Problems of working with totally artificial waveforms
366
2
Computers and synthesizers (MIDI and MSX)
368
5
Mode messages
373
3
Real time
376
1
References
377
1
Interconnections
378
26
Allen Mornington-West
Target and scope of the chapter
378
1
Basic physical background
378
3
Resistance and electrical effects of current
381
2
Capacitive effects
383
1
Magnetic effects
384
3
Characteristic impedance
387
1
Reactive components
388
2
Interconnection techniques
390
7
Connectors
397
7
NICAM Stereo and Satellite Radio Systems
404
11
Geoff Lewis
The signal structure of the NICAM-728 system
404
2
The NICAM-728 receiver
406
1
The DQPASK docoder
407
1
Satellite-delivered digital radio (ASTRA digital radio ADR)
407
4
Coded orthogonal frequency dividion multiplex (CODFM)
411
2
The JPL digital system
413
1
Reality of digital sound broadcasting
414
1
Modern Audio and Hi-Fi servicing
415
12
Nick Beer
Mechanism trends
415
2
Circuit trends
417
1
Tuners
418
1
Power supplies
418
1
System control
419
1
Microprocessors
419
1
Amplifiers
419
3
Discrete output stage failures
422
1
Digital signal processing
423
1
Mini-disc
423
1
Test modes
424
1
Surface mounted and VLSI devices
424
1
Obsolete formats
425
1
Software problems
425
1
Good servicing practice
426
1
Test equipment
426
1
Conclusion
426
1
Other Digital Audio Devices
427
14
Ian Sinclair
Video Recorders
427
1
HDCD
427
1
CD Writers
427
5
MPEG Systems
432
2
MP3
434
1
Transcribing a Recording by Computer
435
1
WAV onwards
436
1
DAM CD
437
1
DVD and Audio
437
4
Index
441