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Tables of Contents for An Introduction to Database Systems
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface to the Seventh Edition
xvii
PART I PRELIMINARIES
1
108
An Overview of Database Management
2
31
Introduction
2
3
What is a database system?
5
4
What is a database?
9
6
Why database?
15
4
Data independence
19
6
Relational systems and others
25
2
Summary
27
6
Exercises
28
2
References and bibliography
30
1
Answers to selected exercises
30
3
Database System Architecture
33
25
Introduction
33
1
The three levels of the architecture
33
4
The external level
37
2
The conceptual level
39
1
The internal level
40
1
Mappings
40
1
The databse administrator
41
2
The database management system
43
4
The data communications manager
47
1
Client/server architecture
48
2
Utilities
50
1
Distributed processing
50
4
Summary
54
4
Exercises
55
1
References and bibliography
56
2
An Introduction to Relational Databases
58
25
Introduction
58
1
An informal look at the relational model
58
5
Relations and relvars
63
2
What relations mean
65
2
Optimization
67
2
The catalog
69
2
Base relvars and views
71
4
Transactions
75
1
The suppliers and parts database
76
2
Summary
78
5
Exercises
80
1
References and bibliography
81
1
Answers to selected exercises
82
1
An Introduction to SQL
83
26
Introduction
83
1
Overview
84
3
The catalog
87
1
Views
88
1
Transactions
89
1
Embedded SQL
89
9
SQL is not perfect
98
1
Summary
98
11
Exercises
99
2
References and bibliography
101
5
Answers to selected exercises
106
3
PART II THE RELATIONAL MODEL
109
218
Domains, Relations, and Base Relvars
111
39
Introduction
111
1
Domains
112
11
Relation values
123
6
Relation variables
129
5
SQL facilities
134
3
Summary
137
13
Exercises
139
2
References and bibliography
141
3
Answers to selected exercises
144
6
Relational Algebra
150
48
Introduction
150
2
Closure revisited
152
2
Syntax
154
2
Semantics
156
11
Examples
167
2
What is the algebra for?
169
2
Additional operators
171
8
Grouping and ungrouping
179
3
Relational comparisons
182
2
Summary
184
14
Exercises
184
3
References and bibliography
187
3
Answers to selected exercises
190
8
Relational Calculus
198
51
Introduction
198
2
Tuple calculus
200
8
Examples
208
2
Calculus vs. algebra
210
5
Computational capabilities
215
1
Domain calculus
216
2
SQL facilities
218
10
Summary
228
21
Exercises
229
2
References and bibliography
231
2
Answers to selected exercises
233
16
Integrity
249
40
Introduction
249
2
Type constraints
251
1
Attribute constraints
252
1
Relvar constraints
253
1
Database constraints
254
1
The Golden Rule
254
2
State vs. transition constraints
256
2
Keys
258
9
SQL facilities
267
4
Summary
271
18
Exercises
272
2
References and bibliography
274
6
Answers to selected exercises
280
9
Views
289
38
Introduction
289
3
What are views for?
292
3
View retrievals
295
2
View updates
297
16
Snapshots (a digression)
313
1
SQL facilities
314
2
Summary
316
11
Exercises
317
2
References and bibliography
319
2
Answers to selected exercises
321
6
PART III DATABASE DESIGN
327
126
Functional Dependencies
330
18
Introduction
330
1
Basic definitions
331
3
Trivial and nontrivial dependencies
334
1
Closure of a set of dependencies
334
2
Closure of a set of attributes
336
1
Irreducible sets of dependencies
337
3
Summary
340
8
Exercises
341
1
References and bibliography
342
2
Answers to selected exercises
344
4
Further Normalization I: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF
348
41
Introduction
348
4
Nonloss decomposition and functional dependencies
352
4
First, second, and third normal forms
356
7
Dependency preservation
363
3
Boyce/Codd normal form
366
6
A note on relation-valued attributes
372
2
Summary
374
15
Exercises
375
2
References and bibliography
377
2
Answers to selected exercises
379
10
Further Normalization II: Higher Normal Forms
389
30
Introduction
389
1
Multi-valued dependencies and fourth normal form
389
5
Join dependencies and fifth normal form
394
5
The normalization procedure summarized
399
2
A note on denormalizaton
401
3
Orthogonal design (a digression)
404
3
Other normal forms
407
1
Summary
408
11
Exercises
409
1
References and bibliography
410
6
Answers to selected exercises
416
3
Semantic Modeling
419
34
Introduction
419
2
The overall approach
421
3
The E/R model
424
3
E/R diagrams
427
3
Database design with the E/R model
430
4
A brief analysis
434
3
Summary
437
16
Exercises
439
1
References and bibliography
440
13
PART IV TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT
453
50
Recovery
454
19
Introduction
454
1
Transactions
455
2
Transaction recovery
457
3
System recovery
460
2
Media recovery
462
1
Two-phase commit
462
2
SQL facilities
464
1
Summary
465
8
Exercises
466
1
References and bibliography
466
5
Answers to selected exercises
471
2
Concurrency
473
30
Introduction
473
1
Three concurrency problems
474
3
Locking
477
1
The three concurrency problems revisited
478
3
Deadlock
481
1
Serializability
482
2
Isolation levels
484
2
Intent locking
486
2
SQL facilities
488
2
Summary
490
13
Exercises
491
2
References and bibliography
493
6
Answers to selected exercises
499
4
PART V FURTHER TOPICS
503
308
Security
504
33
Introduction
504
2
Discretionary access control
506
6
Mandatory access control
512
3
Statistical databases
515
5
Data encryption
520
5
SQL facilities
525
3
Summary
528
9
Exercises
529
1
References and bibliography
530
2
Answers to selected exercises
532
5
Optimization
537
47
Introduction
537
2
A motivating example
539
1
An overview of query processing
540
4
Expression transformation
544
6
Database statistics
550
1
A divide and conquer strategy
551
3
Implementing the relational operators
554
6
Summary
560
24
Exercises
561
3
References and bibliography
564
18
Answers to selected exercises
582
2
Missing Information
584
29
Introduction
584
1
An overview of the 3VL approach
585
6
Some consequences of the foregoing scheme
591
4
Nulls and keys
595
2
Outer join (a digression)
597
3
Special values
600
1
SQL facilities
601
3
Summary
604
9
Exercises
606
2
References and bibliography
608
3
Answers to selected exercises
611
2
Type Inheritance
613
38
Introduction
613
4
Type hierarchies
617
3
Polymorphism and substitutability
620
4
Variables and assignments
624
4
Specialization by constraint
628
2
Comparisons
630
5
Operators, versions, and signatures
635
4
Is a circle an ellipse?
639
4
Specialization by constraint revisited
643
2
Summary
645
6
Exercises
646
2
References and bibliography
648
1
Answers to selected exercises
649
2
Distributed Databases
651
43
Introduction
651
1
Some preliminaries
651
5
The twelve objectives
656
8
Problems of distributed systems
664
11
Client/server systems
675
3
DBMS independence
678
5
SQL facilities
683
1
Summary
684
10
Exercises
685
1
References and bibliography
686
8
Decision Support
694
36
Introduction
694
1
Aspects of decision support
695
2
Database design for decision support
697
9
Data preparation
706
3
Data warehouses and data marts
709
6
Online analytical processing
715
7
Data mining
722
2
Summary
724
6
Exercises
725
1
References and bibliography
726
3
Answers to selected exercises
729
1
Temporal Databases
730
39
Introduction
730
1
Temporal data
731
5
What is the problem?
736
6
Intervals
742
2
Interval types
744
2
Scalar operators on intervals
746
1
Aggregate operators on intervals
747
1
Relational operators involving intervals
748
6
Constraints involving intervals
754
3
Update operators involving intervals
757
2
Database design considerations
759
3
Summary
762
7
Exercises
763
1
References and bibliography
764
2
Answers to selected exercises
766
3
Logic-Based Databases
769
42
Introduction
769
1
Overview
769
3
Propositional calculus
772
5
Predicate calculus
777
7
A proof-theoretic view of databases
784
3
Deductive database systems
787
6
Recursive query processing
793
5
Summary
798
13
Exercises
801
1
References and bibliography
802
6
Answers to selected exercises
808
3
PART VI OBJECT AND OBJECT/RELATIONAL DATABASES
811
76
Object Databases
812
50
Introduction
812
4
Objects, classes, methods, and messages
816
5
A closer look
821
8
A cradle-to-grave example
829
10
Miscellaneous issues
839
8
Summary
847
15
Exercises
850
1
References and bibliography
851
8
Answers to selected exercises
859
3
Object/Relational Databases
862
25
Introduction
862
3
The First Great Blunder
865
7
The Second Great Blunder
872
3
Implementation issues
875
2
Benefits of true rapprochement
877
2
Summary
879
8
References and bibliography
880
7
APPENDIXES
887
36
Appendix A SQL Expressions
888
12
A.1 Introduction
888
1
A.2 Table expressions
888
6
A.3 Conditional expressions
894
4
A.4 Scalar expressions
898
2
Appendix B An Overview of SQL3
900
16
B.1 Introduction
900
1
B.2 New data types
901
5
B.3 Type inheritance
906
1
B.4 Reference types
907
3
B.5 Subtables and supertables
910
2
B.6 Other features
912
4
Appendix C Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols
916
7
Index
923