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Tables of Contents for The Political Economy of a City-State
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Figures
xvi
List of Tables
xvii
List of Abbreviations
xix
Introduction
1
19
Objectives of Study
4
2
Literature Survey on Small Nations
6
3
Emerging Trends
9
1
Beyond the Nation State
10
4
Role of Government in Small States
14
2
Methodology and Approach
16
1
Structure and Organization
17
3
Good Governance and Economic Development
20
51
Introduction
20
2
Democracy and Economic Development
22
14
Empirical Evidence
27
9
From Self-Independence to a Federal State, 1959 to 1963
36
4
The Malaysian Episode, 1963 to 1965
40
2
An Independent Republic in 1965
42
1
Import-Substitution to Export Orientation, 1968 to 1979
43
15
Take-Off to High Technology and Restructuring, the 1980s
45
5
Towards Matured Growth, 1990s
50
6
Singapore Incorporated, Singapore International, Singapore Unlimited
56
2
Governance since 1990
58
13
Expenditure Policy in a City-State
71
29
Introduction
71
1
Raison d'etre for Government Intervention
71
2
Public and Private Goods
71
1
Externality and Merit Goods
72
1
Government Failure
73
1
Expenditure Analysis
73
12
The Budgetary System
73
4
Government Operating Expenditure
77
3
Government Development Expenditure
80
5
Comparative Analysis
85
3
Expenditure Philosophy
88
5
Innovations
89
4
Trends and Issues in Expenditure
93
7
Impact of Ageing on Health Expenditure
94
2
Training Workers
96
2
Infrastructural Expenditure
98
2
Taxation Policy in a City-State
100
26
Introduction
100
1
Revenue Analysis
101
9
Government Revenue/Operating Revenue
101
1
Land Revenue
101
5
Central Provident Fund
106
3
Tax Effort and Tax Reliance
109
1
Tax Revenue
109
1
Comparative Analysis
110
5
Tax Philosophy
115
4
Tax Reforms
119
3
Rationale for the GST
119
3
Issues in Taxation
122
2
Issues in Non-Tax Revenue
124
2
Budgetary and Macroeconomic Policy in a City-State
126
44
Introduction
126
1
Government Sector Balance
126
1
Dividend-Paying
127
4
Edusave
129
1
Medifund
130
1
Pre-Medisave Top-Up Scheme
130
1
Share Ownership Top-Up Scheme
131
1
Public Sector Balance
131
1
Macroeconomic Policy
132
2
Gross Domestic Savings
134
3
Official Foreign Reserves
137
1
Savings, Official Reserves and Balance of Payments
137
3
Comparative Analysis
140
7
Government Budget Balance
140
1
Savings
140
1
Official Reserves
141
2
Official Reserves, Budget Surplus and Balance of Payments
143
4
Issues on Budgetary Policy
147
5
Causes of Budget Surplus
148
1
The Primacy of Financial Resources
149
3
Privatization
152
18
From Public Enterprise System to Privatization
154
2
What is Privatization?
156
1
Modes of Privatization
156
1
Objectives of Privatization
157
2
The Ins and Outs of Privatization
159
1
Rolling Privatization
159
3
GLCs Abroad
162
2
Chairmanship and Directorship
164
1
Renewed Logic and Rationale of Privatization
165
5
Government-Made Singapore
170
66
Introduction
170
3
Competitiveness and Economic Freedom
173
6
World Competitiveness
173
4
Economic Freedom
177
1
Other Indexes
178
1
Public Housing
179
16
Home Ownership
179
1
Land Revenue
180
1
Socio-Economic Glue
181
1
CPF Housing Grant
182
2
Middle-Income Squeeze
184
1
Executive Condominiums
184
2
Low-Income Households
186
4
Upgrading and Affordability
190
3
Selective En-Bloc Redevelopment Scheme
193
1
Gracious Living in the 21st Century
193
2
Education and Human Resource Development
195
3
Health
198
1
Social Security
199
2
Rugged and Multi-Ethnic Society
201
1
Materialism in Bricks and Metal
201
8
The Politics of Housing
208
1
Ministerial Pay
209
8
Regionalization
217
1
Political Viability
218
2
What is Singapore?
220
9
Make-Ups of Singapore Culture
225
4
Political System
229
2
Comparative or Competitive Advantage
231
5
Experiences and Lessons from Singapore
236
24
Introduction
236
1
Balanced and Responsible Budgetary Policies
237
5
Governments in Two City-States
237
2
Finance and Budget
239
3
From Prudence at the Helm to Dividend-Paying
242
8
Prudence
242
1
Dividends
243
3
Anomie and Entitlement
246
4
Civil Society
250
4
Singapore Lessons
254
6
Reinventing Government
260
25
Introduction
260
1
Reinventing Government
261
8
Catalytic Government
262
1
Community-Owned Government
263
1
Competitive Government
263
1
Mission-Driven Government
264
1
Results-Oriented Government
264
1
Customer-Driven Government
265
1
Enterprising Government
266
1
Anticipatory Government
266
1
Decentralized Government
266
1
Market-Oriented Government
267
1
A Global Revolution
267
2
Singapore's Reinvention
269
9
Case of Information Technology Policies
270
6
PS21
276
1
Scenario-Based Planning
277
1
Public Sector Leadership
277
1
Autonomous Agencies
278
1
Whither Government
278
7
Bibliography
285
24
Index
309