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Tables of Contents for Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Abbreviations
xv
Drug nomenclature
xviii
Fate of a drug in the body
Introduction
3
1
The cell membrane
3
1
The movement of drugs across cell membranes
4
1
Drug absorption and routes of administration
5
4
Bioavailability
9
1
Distribution
9
2
Drug metabolism (biotransformation)
11
3
Excretion of drugs
14
2
Pharmacokinetics
16
4
Reference
20
1
Further reading
20
3
Mechanisms of drug action: pharmacodynamics
Introduction
23
1
Receptors
23
6
Drug targets other than receptors
29
1
Agonist concentration-response curves
30
2
Drug antagonism
32
2
Quantal responses
34
1
Therapeutic index (ratio)
34
1
Reference
34
1
Further reading
35
4
Prescribing and the law
The Medicines Act, 1968
39
2
Some factors influencing prescribing
41
1
Standard reference books and data sheets
42
2
The Misuse of Drugs Act, 1971
44
2
Selected list regulations (NHS Act, 1977)
46
1
Further reading
46
3
Pharmacology of inflammation and immunopharmacology
Chemical mediators of inflammation
49
6
Antihistamines
55
1
5-HT agonists/antagonists
56
1
Corticosteroids
56
2
The immune system
58
3
Immunosuppressants
61
2
Further reading
63
4
The pharmacology of pain
Neuroanatomy of pain: nociceptive pathways
67
4
Neuroanatomy of dental pain
71
2
Neurophysiology of pain
73
3
Peripheral mediators of pain
76
1
Central mediators of pain
77
5
Central processing of pain and its control by therapeutic agents
82
1
Methods to relieve pain
83
2
Rational treatment of dental pain
85
1
Future developments in analgesia
85
1
References
85
1
Further reading
86
3
Aspirin, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and paracetamol
Aspirin
89
3
Para-aminophenols
92
1
Other NSAIDs
93
1
Further reading
94
3
Opioid analgesics
Opioids and opioid antagonists
97
4
Use of opioids in dentistry
101
1
Further reading
102
3
Local anaesthetics (local analgesics) and vasoconstrictors)
Chemistry
105
3
Pharmacological actions of local anaesthetics
108
5
Ester-type local anaesthetics
113
1
Amide-type local anaesthetics
114
3
Vasoconstrictors
117
2
Other constituents of dental local anaesthetic solutions
119
1
Unwanted effects of dental local anesthesia
120
4
Further reading
124
3
General anaesthesia and sedation
General anaesthesia
127
10
Sedation
137
4
Recommendations on general anaesthesia and sedation in dentistry
141
1
References
141
1
Further reading
141
4
Antiseptics and disinfectants
Terminology
145
1
Mechanism of action of antiseptics and disinfectants
145
1
Individual antiseptics and disinfectants
145
3
Astringents
148
1
Caustics
149
1
Further reading
149
4
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Antibacterial drugs
153
18
Antifungal drugs
171
2
Antiviral agents
173
3
Infections due to prions
176
1
Further reading
176
3
Pharmacological control of dental caries and periodontal disease
Dental caries
179
3
Periodontal disease
182
13
Dentine sensitivity
195
1
References
196
3
Haemostasis and haemostatic agents
Haemostasis
199
2
Anticoagulants
201
2
Antiplatelet drugs
203
1
Fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic agents
204
1
Dental management of patients with haemostatic problems
205
1
The management of postextraction haemorrhage
206
1
Further reading
206
3
Drugs and the autonomic nervous system
Organization
209
1
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
210
2
Cholinergic transmission
212
3
Noradrenergic transmission
215
5
Further reading
220
3
Drugs and the central nervous system
Psychoses and neuroleptic drugs
223
32
Depression and antidepressants
255
Parkinson's disease and its drug treatment
229
2
Hypnotics and anxiolytics
231
4
Epilepsy, facial neuralgias, and anticonvulsants
235
5
Migraine
240
1
Further reading
241
4
Drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease
Hypertension
245
6
Angina pectoris
251
2
Heart (myocardial) failure
253
4
Normal cardiac rhythm
257
1
Cardiac dysrhythmias
257
5
Further reading
262
3
Drugs acting on the respiratory system
Regulation of the airway glands and smooth muscle
265
1
Bronchial asthma
265
3
Chronic bronchitis
268
1
Rhinitis
269
1
Cough suppressants (antitussives)
269
1
Further reading
269
4
Drugs and the gastrointestinal tract
The control of gastric acid secretion
273
1
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion
274
1
Antacids
275
1
Agents that protect the mucosa
275
1
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
275
1
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
276
1
Laxatives
277
1
Drugs used for the treatment of diarrhoea
277
1
Vomiting
278
2
Further reading
280
3
Chemotherapeutic agents in neoplastic disease
The cell cycle
283
1
Principles of chemotherapy
283
1
Classification of chemotherapeutic agents
283
1
Oral and dental problems associated with chemotherapy
284
3
Further reading
287
4
The endocrine system
Posterior pituitary hormones
291
1
Anterior pituitary hormones
292
1
Thyroid gland
293
1
The adrenal cortex
294
3
The pancreas
297
3
Reproductive organs
300
3
Further reading
303
4
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamin A
307
1
The vitamin B complex
308
2
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
310
1
Vitamin E
310
1
Vitamin K
310
1
Iron
310
1
Further reading
311
4
Calcification
Calcium
315
1
Phosphate
316
1
Vitamin D (calciferol)
316
2
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
318
1
Calcitonin
319
1
Bisphosphonates
319
1
Further reading
319
4
Adverse effects of drugs
Classification
323
6
Prevention of the unwanted effects of drugs
329
1
Oral reactions to drugs
330
2
References
332
1
Further reading
332
3
Drug interactions (drug-drug interactions)
Incidence and importance of drug interactions
335
1
Classification of drug interactions
335
2
Conclusions
337
3
Further reading
340
5
Drug abuse and dental patients
Alcohol
345
1
Nicotine
346
1
Cannabis
346
1
Opioids
347
1
Central nervous system depressants
347
1
Central nervous system stimulants
348
1
Amfetamines (amphetamines) and Ecstasy
348
1
Hallucinogens
349
1
Solvent abuse
349
1
Anabolic steroids and performance-enhancers
349
1
Conclusions
350
1
Further reading
350
3
Medical emergencies in dental practice
Fainting
353
1
Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
354
1
Cardiac arrest
354
1
Asthma
355
1
Acute allergic reactions
355
1
Epilepsy
355
1
Hypoglycaemia
355
1
Adrenal crisis
356
1
Further reading
356
3
Treatments for common dental conditions
Dental hypersensitivity
359
1
Acute pulpitis
359
1
Periapical abscess
359
1
Periodontal abscess
359
1
Cellulitis
360
1
Ludwig's angina
360
1
Osteomyelitis
360
1
Pericoronitis
360
1
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)
361
1
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
361
1
Teething
361
1
Herpes labialis
361
1
Postoperative dental pain
361
1
Postoperative swelling and trismus
362
1
Dry socket (alveolar osteitis)
362
1
Sinusitis
362
1
Candidal infections
362
1
Thrush
362
1
Angular cheilitis
362
1
Denture stomatitis
363
1
Candidal leukoplakia
363
1
Recurrent aphthous ulceration
363
1
Other types of oral ulceration
363
1
Xerostomia
363
2
Index
365