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Tables of Contents for Principles of Distributed Database Systems
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface to the Second Edition
xiii
Preface to the First Edition
xvii
Introduction
1
24
Distributed Data Processing
2
2
What is a Distributed Database System?
4
3
Promises of DDBSs
7
12
Transparent Management of Distributed and Replicated Data
8
7
Reliability Through Distributed Transactions
15
1
Improved Performance
16
2
Easier System Expansion
18
1
Complicating Factors
19
1
Problem Areas
20
4
Distributed Database Design
20
1
Distributed Query Processing
20
1
Distributed Directory Management
21
1
Distributed Concurrency Control
21
1
Distributed Deadlock Management
21
1
Reliability of Distributed DBMS
21
1
Operating System Support
22
1
Heterogeneous Databases
22
1
Relationship among Problems
22
2
Bibliographic Notes
24
1
Overview of Relational DBMS
25
27
Relational Database Concepts
26
1
Normalization
27
7
Dependency Structures
29
3
Normal Forms
32
2
Integrity Rules
34
1
Relational Data Languages
35
14
Relational Algebra
35
8
Relational Calculus
43
3
Interface with Programming Languages
46
3
Relational DBMS
49
2
Bibliographic Notes
51
1
Review of Computer Networks
52
23
Data Communication Concepts
53
2
Types of Networks
55
8
Topology
56
3
Communication Schemes
59
2
Scale
61
2
Protocol Standards
63
4
Broadband Networks
67
2
Wireless Networks
69
1
Internet
70
1
Concluding Remarks
71
3
Bibliographic Notes
74
1
Distributed DBMS Architecture
75
27
DBMS Standardization
76
6
Architectural Models for Distributed DBMSs
82
5
Autonomy
82
2
Distribution
84
1
Heterogeneity
84
1
Architectural Alternatives
84
3
Distributed DBMS Architecture
87
10
Client/Server Systems
88
2
Peer-to-Peer Distributed Systems
90
4
MDBS Architecture
94
3
Global Directory Issues
97
3
Conclusion
100
1
Bibliographic Notes
100
2
Distributed Database Design
102
59
Alternative Design Strategies
104
3
Top-Down Design Process
104
2
Bottom-Up Design Process
106
1
Distribution Design Issues
107
5
Reasons for Fragmentation
107
1
Fragmentation Alternatives
108
2
Degree of Fragmentation
110
1
Correctness Rules of Fragmentation
110
1
Allocation Alternatives
111
1
Information Requirements
111
1
Fragmentation
112
35
Horizontal Fragmentation
112
19
Vertical Fragmentation
131
15
Hybrid Fragmentation
146
1
Allocation
147
8
Allocation Problem
147
3
Information Requirements
150
1
Allocation Model
151
3
Solution Methods
154
1
Conclusion
155
2
Bibliographic Notes
157
1
Exercises
158
3
Semantic Data Control
161
27
View Management
162
5
Views in Centralized DBMSs
162
2
Updates through Views
164
1
Views in Distributed DBMSs
165
2
Data Security
167
4
Centralized Authorization Control
167
3
Distributed Authorization Control
170
1
Semantic Integrity Control
171
13
Centralized Semantic Integrity Control
173
6
Distributed Semantic Integrity Control
179
5
Conclusion
184
1
Bibliographic Notes
185
1
Exercises
186
2
Overview of Query Processing
188
15
Query Processing Problem
189
3
Objectives of Query Processing
192
1
Complexity of Relational Algebra Operations
193
1
Characterization of Query Processors
194
4
Languages
195
1
Types of Optimization
195
1
Optimization Timing
196
1
Statistics
196
1
Decision Sites
196
1
Exploitation of the Network Topology
197
1
Exploitation of Replicated Fragments
197
1
Use of Semijoins
197
1
Layers of Query Processing
198
3
Query Decomposition
199
1
Data Localization
200
1
Global Query Optimization
200
1
Local Query Optimization
201
1
Conclusion
201
1
Bibliographic Notes
202
1
Query Decomposition and Data Localization
203
25
Query Decomposition
204
10
Normalization
204
1
Analysis
205
3
Elimination of Redundancy
208
2
Rewriting
210
4
Localization of Distributed Data
214
10
Reduction for Primary Horizontal Fragmentation
215
3
Reduction for Vertical Fragmentation
218
2
Reduction for Derived Fragmentation
220
1
Reduction for Hybrid Fragmentation
221
3
Conclusion
224
1
Bibliographic Notes
224
1
Exercises
225
3
Optimization of Distributed Queries
228
46
Query Optimization
229
10
Search Space
229
3
Search Strategy
232
1
Distributed Cost Model
233
6
Centralized Query Optimization
239
8
INGRES Algorithm
239
4
System R Algorithm
243
4
Join Ordering in Fragment Queries
247
7
Join Ordering
247
2
Semijoin Based Algorithms
249
3
Join versus Semijoin
252
2
Distributed Query Optimization Algorithms
254
15
Distributed INGRES Algorithm
254
5
R* Algorithm
259
4
SDD-1 Algorithm
263
6
Conclusion
269
2
Bibliographic Notes
271
1
Exercises
271
3
Introduction to Transaction Management
274
25
Definition of a Transaction
276
7
Termination Conditions of Transactions
278
2
Characterization of Transactions
280
1
Formalization of the Transaction Concept
281
2
Properties of Transactions
283
5
Atomicity
283
1
Consistency
284
1
Isolation
285
3
Durability
288
1
Types of Transactions
288
7
Flat Transactions
290
1
Nested Transactions
290
2
Workflows
292
3
Architecture Revisited
295
2
Conclusion
297
1
Bibliographic Notes
297
2
Distributed Concurrency Control
299
53
Serializability Theory
300
6
Taxonomy of Concurrency Control Mechanisms
306
2
Locking-Based Concurrency Control Algorithms
308
16
Centralized 2PL
318
4
Primary Copy 2PL
322
1
Distributed 2PL
322
2
Timestamp-Based Concurrency Control Algorithms
324
8
Basic TO Algorithm
325
4
Conservative TO Algorithm
329
2
Multiversion TO Algorithm
331
1
Optimistic Concurrency Control Algorithms
332
3
Deadlock Management
335
7
Deadlock Prevention
337
1
Deadlock Avoidance
337
2
Deadlock Detection and Resolution
339
3
``Relaxed'' Concurrency Control
342
3
Non-Serializable Schedules
342
1
Nested Distributed Transactions
343
2
Conclusion
345
4
Bibliographic Notes
349
1
Exercises
350
2
Distributed DBMS Reliability
352
64
Reliability Concepts and Measures
353
5
System, State, and Failure
353
3
Reliability and Availability
356
1
Mean Time between Failures/Mean Time to Repair
357
1
Failures and Fault Tolerance in Distributed Systems
358
5
Reasons for Failures
358
2
Basic Fault Tolerance Approaches and Techniques
360
3
Failures in Distributed DBMS
363
2
Transaction Failures
363
1
Site (System) Failures
363
1
Media Failures
364
1
Communication Failures
364
1
Local Reliability Protocols
365
14
Architectural Considerations
365
4
Recovery Information
369
4
Execution of LRM Commands
373
5
Checkpointing
378
1
Handling Media Failures
378
1
Distributed Reliability Protocols
379
11
Components of Distributed Reliability Protocols
380
1
Two-Phase Commit Protocol
381
7
Variations of 2PC
388
2
Dealing with Site Failures
390
11
Termination and Recovery Protocols for 2PC
390
6
Three-Phase Commit Protocol
396
5
Network Partitioning
401
10
Centralized Protocols
403
1
Voting-based Protocols
403
3
Replication and Replica Control Protocols
406
1
Strict Replica Control Protocols
406
4
Lazy Replication Protocols
410
1
Architectural Considerations
411
1
Conclusion
412
1
Bibliographic Notes
413
1
Exercises
414
2
Parallel Database Systems
416
46
Database Servers
417
3
Database Server Approach
417
2
Database Servers and Distributed Databases
419
1
Parallel Architectures
420
10
Objectives
420
2
Functional Aspects
422
2
Parallel System Architectures
424
6
Parallel DBMS Techniques
430
19
Data Placement
430
5
Query Parallelism
435
1
Parallel Data Processing
436
8
Parallel Query Optimization
444
5
Parallel Execution Problems
449
3
Initialization
449
1
Interferences and Convoy Effect
449
1
Load Balancing
450
2
Parallel Execution for Hierarchical Architecture
452
6
Problem Formulation
453
1
Basic Concepts
454
3
Load Balancing Strategy
457
1
Performance Evaluation
458
1
Conclusion
458
1
Bibliographic Notes
459
1
Exercises
460
2
Distributed Object Database Management Systems
462
63
Fundamental Object Concepts and Models
464
7
Object
464
3
Abstract Data Types
467
1
Composition (Aggregation)
468
1
Class
469
1
Collection
469
1
Subtyping and Inheritance
470
1
Object Distribution Design
471
6
Horizontal Class Partitioning
472
2
Vertical Class Partitioning
474
1
Path Partitioning
474
1
Class Partitioning Algorithms
475
1
Allocation
476
1
Replication
476
1
Architectural Issues
477
7
Alternative Client/Server Architectures
477
5
Cache Consistency
482
2
Object Management
484
4
Object Identifier Management
484
2
Pointer Swizzling
486
1
Object Migration
487
1
Distributed Object Storage
488
3
Object Query Processing
491
13
Object Query Processor Architectures
493
2
Query Processing Issues
495
5
Query Execution
500
4
Transaction Management
504
18
Correctness Criteria
505
5
Transaction Models and Object Structures
510
1
Transactions Management in Object DBMSs
511
9
Transactions as Objects
520
2
Conclusion
522
1
Biblographic Notes
522
1
Exercises
523
2
Database Interoperability
525
46
Database Integration
525
12
Schema Translation
528
1
Schema Integration
529
8
Query Processing
537
8
Query Processing Layers in Distributed Multi-DBMSs
539
2
Query Optimization Issues
541
4
Transaction Management
545
8
Transaction and Computation Model
545
3
Multidatabase Concurrency Control
548
4
Multidatabase Recovery
552
1
Object Orientation and Interoperability
553
12
Object Management Architecture
555
4
CORBA and Database Interoperability
559
3
Distributed Component Object Model
562
2
COM/OLE and Database Interoperability
564
1
Conclusion
565
1
Bibliographic Notes
566
1
Exercises
567
4
Current Issues
571
34
Data Delivery Alternatives
573
2
Data Warehousing
575
6
Architectures
575
2
OLAP Data Model
577
2
OLAP Servers
579
1
Research Issues
580
1
World Wide Web
581
7
Architecture and Protocols
581
1
Database Access
582
1
Semistructured Data
583
2
Architectures for Information Integration
585
1
Research Projects and Open Issues
586
2
Push-Based Technologies
588
8
Delivery Schedule Generation
589
3
Client Cache Management
592
3
Propagating Updates
595
1
Mobile Databases
596
6
Directory Management
598
1
Caching
599
1
Broadcast Data
600
1
Query Processing and Optimization
600
1
Transaction Management
601
1
Bibliographic Notes
602
3
Bibliography
605
53
Subject Index
658