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Tables of Contents for Digital and Analog Communication Systems
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xvii
List of Symbols
xxi
Introduction
1
32
Historical Perspective
2
3
Digital and Analog Sources and Systems
5
1
Deterministic and Random Waveforms
6
1
Organization of the Book
6
1
Use of a Personal Computer and MATLAB
7
1
Block Diagram of a Communication System
8
2
Frequency Allocations
10
2
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
12
4
Information Measure
16
2
Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems
18
1
Coding
19
10
Block Codes
20
2
Convolutional Codes
22
3
Code Interleaving
25
1
Code Performance
25
3
Trellis-Coded Modulation
28
1
Preview
29
1
Study-Aid Examples
29
4
Problems
30
3
SIGNALS AND SPECTRA
33
95
Properties of Signals and Noise
33
10
Physically Realizable Waveforms
34
1
Time Average Operator
35
1
Dc Value
36
1
Power
37
2
Rms Value and Normalized Power
39
1
Energy and Power Waveforms
40
1
Decibel
40
2
Phasors
42
1
Fourier Transform and Spectra
43
18
Definition
43
3
Properties of Fourier Transforms
46
2
Parseval's Theorem and Energy Spectral Density
48
3
Dirac Delta Function and Unit Step Function
51
3
Rectangular and Triangular-Pulses
54
4
Convolution
58
3
Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation Function
61
4
Power Spectral Density
61
2
Autocorrelation Function
63
2
Orthogonal Series Representation of Signals and Noise
65
3
Orthogonal Functions
65
2
Orthogonal Series
67
1
Fourier Series
68
11
Complex Fourier Series
68
2
Quadrature Fourier Series
70
1
Polar Fourier Series
71
2
Line Spectra for Periodic Waveforms
73
4
Power Spectral Density for Periodic Waveforms
77
2
Review of Linear Systems
79
7
Linear Time-Invariant Systems
79
1
Impulse Response
79
1
Transfer Function
80
3
Distoritionless Transmission
83
1
Distortion of Audio, Video, and Data Signals
84
2
Bandlimited Signals and Noise
86
8
Bandlimited Waveforms
86
1
Sampling Theorem
87
3
Impulse Sampling and Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
90
3
Dimensionality Theorem
93
1
Discrete Fourier Transform
94
7
Using the DFT to Compute the Continuous Fourier Transform
95
5
Using the DFT to Compute the Fourier Series
100
1
Bandwidth of Signals
101
9
Summary
110
1
Study-Aid Examples
110
18
Problems
115
13
Baseband Pulse and Digital Signaling
128
102
Introduction
128
1
Pulse Amplitude Modulation
129
8
Natural Sampling (Gating)
129
4
Instantaneous Sampling (Flat-Top PAM)
133
4
Pulse Code Modulation
137
15
Sampling, Quantizing, and Encoding
138
1
Practical PCM Circuits
138
4
Bandwidth of PCM Signals
142
1
Effects of Noise
143
4
Nonuniform Quantizing: μ-Law and A-Law Companding
147
4
V.90 56-kb/s PCM Computer Modem
151
1
Digital Signaling
152
8
Vector Representation
153
2
Bandwidth Estimation
155
1
Binary Signaling
156
2
Multilevel Signaling
158
2
Line Codes and Spectra
160
20
Binary Line Coding
160
3
Power Spectra for Binary Line Codes
163
6
Differential Coding
169
1
Eye Patterns
170
1
Regenerative Repeaters
171
2
Bit Synchronization
173
3
Power Spectra for Multilevel Polar NRZ Signals
176
3
Spectral Efficiency
179
1
Intersymbol Interference
180
8
Nyquist's First Method (Zero ISI)
182
1
Raised Cosine-Rolloff Nyquist Filtering
183
5
Nyquist's Second and Third Methods for Control of ISI
188
1
Differential Pulse Code Modulation
188
4
Delta Modulation
192
7
Granular Noise and Slope Overload Noise
194
3
Adaptive Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation
197
2
Speech Coding
199
1
Time-Division Multiplexing
199
14
Frame Synchronization
200
2
Synchronous and Asynchronous Lines
202
4
TDM Hierarchy
206
5
The TI PCM System
211
2
Packet Transmission System
213
1
Pulse Time Modulation: Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation
213
2
Summary
215
3
Study-Aid Examples
218
12
Problems
221
9
Bandpass Signaling Principles and Circuits
230
72
Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Waveforms
230
3
Definitions: Baseband, Bandpass, and Modulation
231
1
Complex Envelope Representation
231
2
Representation of Modulated Signals
233
1
Spectrum of Bandpass Signals
234
3
Evaluation of Power
237
3
Bandpass Filtering and Linear Distortion
240
4
Equivalent Low-Pass Filter
240
2
Linear Distortion
242
2
Bandpass Sampling Theorem
244
1
Received Signal Plus Noise
245
1
Classification of Filters and Amplifiers
246
5
Filters
246
4
Amplifiers
250
1
Nonlinear Distortion
251
5
Limiters
256
1
Mixers, Up Converters, and Down Converters
257
6
Frequency Multipliers
263
2
Detector Circuits
265
8
Envelope Detector
265
1
Product Detector
266
2
Frequency Modulation Detector
268
5
Phase-Locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers
273
8
Direct Digital Synthesis
281
1
Transmitters and Receivers
281
7
Generalized Transmitters
281
2
Generalized Receiver: The Superheterodyne Receiver
283
4
Zero-IF Receivers
287
1
Interference
288
1
Software Radios
288
1
Summary
289
1
Study-Aid Examples
289
13
Problems
295
7
AM, FM, and Digital Modulated Systems
302
93
Amplitude Modulation
303
5
AM Broadcast Technical Standards
308
1
Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier
309
1
Costas Loop and Squaring Loop
310
2
Asymmetric Sideband Signals
312
6
Single Sideband
312
4
Vestigial Sideband
316
2
Phase Modulation and Frequency Modulation
318
15
Representation of PM and FM Signals
318
5
Spectra of Angle-Modulated Signals
323
5
Narrowband Angle Modulation
328
1
Wideband Frequency Modulation
329
4
Preemphasis and Deemphasis in Angle-Modulated Systems
333
1
Frequency-Division Multiplexing and FM Stereo
333
4
FM Broadcast Technical Standards
337
1
Binary Modulated Bandpass Signaling
337
15
On-Off Keying (OOK)
340
3
Binary-Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK)
343
1
Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK)
344
1
Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK)
345
7
Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling
352
8
Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) and M-ary Phase-Shift Keying (MPSK)
352
3
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
355
1
OQPSK and π/4 QPSK
356
1
PSD for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK and π/4 QPSK
357
2
Spectral Efficiency for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and π/4 QPSK with Raised Cosine Filtering
359
1
Minimum-Shift Keying (MSK) and GMSK
360
5
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
365
5
Spread Spectrum Systems
370
7
Direct Sequence
371
6
Frequency Hopping
377
1
Summary
377
2
Study-Aid Examples
379
16
Problems
382
13
Random Processes and Spectral Analysis
395
77
Some Basic Definitions
396
9
Random Processes
396
1
Stationarity and Ergodicity
397
4
Correlation Functions and Wide-Sense Stationarity
401
2
Complex Random Processes
403
2
Power Spectral Density
405
13
Definition
405
1
Wiener-Khintchine Theorem
406
3
Properties of the PSD
409
4
General Formula for the PSD of Digital Signals
413
3
White Noise Processes
416
1
Measurement of PSD
417
1
Dc and Rms Values for Ergodic Random Processes
418
2
Linear Systems
420
5
Input-Output Relationships
420
5
Bandwidth Measures
425
2
Equivalent Bandwidth
425
1
Rms Bandwidth
425
2
The Gaussian Random Process
427
4
Properties of Gaussian Processes
428
3
Bandpass Processes
431
14
Bandpass Representations
431
4
Properties of WSS Bandpass Processes
435
4
Proofs of Some Properties
439
6
Matched Filters
445
10
General Results
445
2
Results for White Noise
447
3
Correlation Processing
450
2
Transversal Matched Filter
452
3
Summary
455
2
Appendix: Proof of Schwarz's Inequality
457
2
Study-Aid Examples
459
13
Problems
462
10
Performance of Communication Systems Corrupted by Noise
472
75
Error Probabilities for Binary Signaling
473
6
General Results
473
2
Results for Gaussian Noise
475
2
Results for White Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception
477
1
Results for Colored Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception
478
1
Performance of Baseband Binary Systems
479
5
Unipolar Signaling
479
3
Polar Signaling
482
1
Bipolar Signaling
482
2
Coherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals
484
6
On-Off Keying
484
2
Binary-Phase-Shift Keying
486
1
Frequency-Shift Keying
487
3
Noncoherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals
490
8
On-Off Keying
490
4
Frequency-Shift Keying
494
2
Differential Phase-Shift Keying
496
2
Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and Minimum-Shift Keying
498
2
Comparison of Digital Signaling Systems
500
4
Bit Error Rate and Bandwidth
500
2
Symbol Error and Bit Error for Multilevel Signaling
502
1
Synchronization
503
1
Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for PCM Systems
504
6
Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Analog Systems
510
17
Comparison with Baseband Systems
510
1
AM Systems with Product Detection
511
2
AM Systems with Envelope Detection
513
1
DSB-SC Systems
514
1
SSB Systems
515
1
PM Systems
515
4
FM Systems
519
3
FM Systems with Threshold Extension
522
2
FM Systems with Deemphasis
524
3
Comparison of Analog Signaling Systems
527
3
Ideal System Performance
527
3
Summary
530
1
Study-Aid Examples
530
17
Problems
539
8
Wire and Wireless Communication Systems
547
92
The Explosive Growth of Telecommunications
547
1
Telephone Systems
548
7
Historical Basis
548
1
Modern Telephone Systems and Remote Terminals
549
6
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)
555
6
G.DMT and G.Lite Digital Subscriber Lines
556
2
Video On Demand (VOD)
558
1
Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)
558
3
Capacities of Public Switched Telephone Networks
561
1
Satellite Communication Systems
561
14
Digital and Analog Television Transmission
565
2
Data and Telephone Signal Multiple Access
567
6
Personal Communications via Satellite
573
2
Link Budget Analysis
575
19
Signal Power Received
575
2
Thermal Noise Sources
577
1
Characterization of Noise Sources
578
1
Noise Characterization of Linear Devices
579
6
Noise Characterization of Cascaded Linear Devices
585
2
Link Budget Evaluation
587
2
Eb/N0 Link Budget for Digital Systems
589
1
Path Loss for Urban Wireless Environments
590
4
Fiber Optic Systems
594
4
Cellular Telephone Systems
598
8
First Generation (1G)---The AMPS Analog System
599
3
Second Generation (2G)---The Digital Systems
602
3
The 1,900-MHz Band PCS Systems
605
1
Third Generation (3G) Systems
605
1
Television
606
21
Black-and-White Television
606
7
MTS Stereo Sound
613
1
Color Television
613
5
Standards for TV and CATV System
618
4
Digital TV (DTV)
622
5
Summary
627
1
Study-Aid Examples
628
11
Problems
632
7
APPENDIX A MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES, IDENTITIES AND TABLES
639
11
A-1 Trigonometry and Complex Numbers
639
1
Definitions
639
1
Trigonometric Identities
639
1
A-2 Differential Calculus
640
1
Definition
640
1
Differentiation Rules
640
1
Derivative Table
640
1
A-3 Indeterminate Forms
641
1
A-4 Integral Calculus
641
1
Definition
641
1
Integration Techniques
642
1
A-5 Integral Tables
642
2
Indefinite Integrals
642
1
Definite Integrals
643
1
A-6 Series Expansions
644
1
Finite Series
644
1
Infinite Series
644
1
A-7 Hilbert Transform Pairs
645
1
A-8 The Dirac Delta Function
645
2
Properties of Dirac Delta Function
646
1
A-9 Tabulation of Sa(x) = (sin x)/x
647
1
A-10 Tabulation of Q(z)
648
2
APPENDIX B PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES
650
42
B-1 Introduction
650
1
B-2 Sets
651
1
B-3 Probability and Relative Frequency
652
3
Simple Probability
652
1
Joint Probability
653
1
Conditional Probabilities
654
1
B-4 Random Variables
655
1
B-5 Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Density Functions
655
7
Properties of CDFs and PDFs
658
1
Discrete and Continuous Distributions
658
4
B-6 Ensemble Average and Moments
662
3
Ensemble Average
662
1
Moments
663
2
B-7 Examples of Important Distributions
665
8
Binomial Distribution
665
3
Poisson Distribution
668
1
Uniform Distribution
668
1
Gaussian Distribution
668
5
Sinusoidal Distribution
673
1
B-8 Functional Transformations of Random Variables
673
5
B-9 Multivariate Statistics
678
14
Multivariate CDFs and PDFs
678
2
Bivariate Statistics
680
1
Gaussian Bivariate Distribution
681
1
Multivariate Functional Transformation
682
2
Central Limit Theorem
684
2
Problems
686
6
APPENDIX C STANDARDS AND TERMINOLOGY FOR COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
692
20
C-1 Codes
692
1
Baudot
692
1
ASCII
692
1
C-2 DTE/DCE and Ethernet Interface Standards
693
7
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
695
1
RS-232D, RS-422A, RS-449, and RS-530 Interfaces
695
1
Centronics Parallel Interface
696
1
IEEE-488 Parallel Interface
697
1
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Interface
698
2
C-3 The ISO OSI Network Model
700
3
C-4 Data Link Control Protocols
703
3
TCP/IP
703
1
SDLC
703
1
HDLC
704
1
CCITT X.25 Protocol
704
1
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
705
1
C-5 Modem Standards
706
6
APPENDIX D USING MATLAB
712
4
D-1 Quick Start for Running M-Files
713
1
D-2 Programming in MATLAB
714
2
References
716
13
Answers to Selected Problems
729
6
Index
735