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Tables of Contents for The Essential Guide to Rf and Wireless
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xxi
Part 1 Fundamentals
1
30
Basic Concepts
3
12
Introduction
4
1
Vocabulary
5
1
Prefixes
5
1
Basic Electronics Terminology
6
1
RF Basics
7
1
Transmitters and Receivers
7
1
Signals
8
7
Analog Signals
8
1
Frequency
9
2
Digital Signals
11
4
RF Behavior
15
16
Loss and Gain
16
1
Devices
16
2
Attenuation
16
2
Insertion Loss
18
1
Decibels
18
1
Definition
18
4
Decibel Math
19
3
Bandwidth
22
1
Definition
22
1
Octaves and Decades
22
1
Wideband and Narrowband
23
1
RF in the Environment
24
1
Signal Behavior
24
3
Skin Effect
24
1
Absorption
25
1
Reflection
26
1
Match
27
1
What is Match?
27
2
The Meaning of 50 Ohms
27
1
VSWR
28
1
Return Loss
28
1
Consequences of an Imperfect Match
29
2
Impedance matching
30
1
Part 2 RF Hardware
31
94
Basic System Components
33
40
Block Diagrams
34
1
Receiver
34
1
Transmitter
35
1
Antennas
35
1
Block Diagram
35
1
Antenna Characteristics
36
3
Active and Passive
36
1
Sizes and Shapes
36
2
Signal Strength and Direction
38
1
How Antennas Work
39
1
Wavelength
39
1
Antenna Performance
40
2
Antenna Patterns
40
2
Polarization
42
1
Antenna Dimensions
43
2
One-Dimensional Antennas
43
1
Two-Dimensional Antennas
43
2
Amplifiers
45
1
Block Diagram
45
1
Fundamental Properties of Amplifiers
45
5
Gain
45
1
Noise Figure
46
1
Output Power
46
2
Linearity
48
2
How Amplifiers Work
50
1
Special Amplifiers
51
3
Limiting Amplifiers
51
1
Balanced Amplifiers
51
1
Variable Gain Amplifiers
52
2
Filters
54
1
Block Diagram
54
1
The Filter's Function
54
1
The Role of the FCC
55
1
Filter Types
55
1
Filter Performance
56
2
Frequency Response
56
2
Special Filters
58
1
Duplexers
58
1
SAW Filters
58
1
Mixers
59
1
Block Diagram
59
1
The Mixer's Function
59
2
The Mathematics
59
1
Changing Frequencies
60
1
Other Names for Mixers
61
1
How Mixers Work
61
1
Three Ports
61
1
Conversion Loss
62
1
Mixer Configurations
62
2
Two-Stage Mixers
62
1
Mixer Types
63
1
Frequency Doublers
63
1
Sources
64
1
Block Diagram
64
1
How Oscillators Work
64
1
Different Kinds of Oscillators
65
2
The Reason for the Different Oscillators
66
1
What Distinguishes Them
66
1
How the Frequency is Determined
67
1
A Special Oscillator---The VCO
67
1
How They Work
68
1
Synthesizers
68
1
The Use of Feedback
68
1
Phase-Locked Loops
68
1
A Quick Review
69
1
Transmitter Block Diagram
69
1
Receiver Block Diagram
70
1
Review
70
3
Transmitter
70
1
Antenna
70
1
Receiver
71
2
Other Components
73
22
Switches
74
1
Block Diagram
74
1
Switch Function and Performance
74
1
Function
74
1
Performance
75
1
Types of Switches
75
3
Electromechanical Switches
75
1
Solid State Switches
76
1
Poles and Throws
77
1
System Use
78
1
Attenuators
79
1
Block Diagram
79
1
The Attenuator's Function
79
1
Types of Attenuators
80
4
Fixed Attenuators
80
1
Voltage Variable Attenuators
81
1
Digital attenuators
82
2
Dividers and Combiners
84
1
Block Diagram
84
1
The Divider's and Combiner's Function
84
1
System Use
84
1
Couplers
85
1
Block Diagram
85
1
How Couplers Work
86
1
Types of Couplers
87
1
Directional and Bidirectional Couplers
87
1
Quadrature Couplers
87
1
Circulators and Isolators
88
1
Block Diagram
88
1
How Circulators Work
89
1
System Use
90
1
Isolators
90
2
Transformers
92
1
Block Diagram
92
1
The Transformer's Function
92
2
Impedance Ratio
93
1
Detectors
94
1
Block Diagram
94
1
The Detector's Function
94
1
Circuits and Signals
95
30
Semiconductors
96
1
Materials and Devices
96
2
Solid State Technology
96
1
Silicon and Gallium Arsenide
96
1
Diodes and Transistors
97
1
Diodes
98
1
Transistors
98
2
HEMT Transistors
99
1
Integrated Circuits (MMIC)
100
1
MMIC Performance
100
1
Circuit Technologies
101
1
Lumped and Distributed Circuits
101
3
Lumped Circuits
102
1
Distributed Circuits
103
1
Discrete, Hybrid, and MMIC Circuit Choices
104
3
Subassemblies
107
1
Cavities
108
1
Modulation
109
1
What is Modulation?
109
1
Types of Modulation
110
5
Amplitude Modulation
111
1
Binary Amplitude Shift Keying
112
1
Frequency Modulation
112
2
Phase Modulation
114
1
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
114
1
Modulators and Demodulators
115
1
Getting Around
116
1
Cables
116
2
Cable Construction
116
2
Cable Types and Designations
118
1
Connectors
118
4
Connectors in Cable Assemblies
119
1
Connector Families
120
1
Adapters
121
1
Waveguides
122
1
Circuit Traces
123
2
Hybrids and Printed Circuit Boards
123
1
Stripline, Microstrip and Coplanar Waveguide
123
2
Part 3 RF Systems
125
70
Older Technology
127
38
Broadcasting
129
1
What is Broadcasting?
129
2
Characteristics
129
1
Constraints
129
2
The Role of Frequency
131
2
Allocation
131
1
Propagation
132
1
Tuning In
133
1
The Tuner
133
1
Television Delivery
134
4
Three ways
134
2
Breaking News
136
2
Radar
138
1
What is Radar?
138
2
Definition
138
1
The Role of Frequency
138
2
How Radar Works
140
4
The Role of Reflection
140
1
How Radar Determines Distance
141
1
How Radar Determines Direction
142
1
How Radar Determines Velocity
143
1
Different Radar Systems
144
4
Pulsed Radar Systems
144
2
Doppler Radar Systems
146
2
Satellite Communications
148
1
Why Satellites?
148
1
How Satellites Work
149
7
Geosynchronous Orbit
149
2
Uplink/Downlink
151
1
Satellite Dishes
152
1
Footprints
152
3
RF Electronics
155
1
About the Spacecraft
155
1
Satellite Systems
156
3
Three Topologies
156
1
The Role of Frequency
157
2
A Special Satellite System---GPS
159
3
What is GPS?
159
1
Theory of Operation
160
2
The Next Generation Satellites---LEO
162
3
Why LEOs?
162
1
How LEOs Work
163
2
The New World of Wireless
165
30
Fixed Wireless Applications
167
1
Point-to-Point Microwave
167
3
What is Point-to-Point Microwave?
167
1
Uses for Point-to-Point Microwave
167
1
Point-to-Point Operations
168
2
Wireless Local Loop
170
3
What is the Local Loop?
170
1
Why Wireless Local Loop?
170
1
Wireless Local Loop Technology
171
1
The Perfect WLL Solution---LMDS
172
1
A New Technology---Spread Spectrum
173
4
ISM---Unlicensed Spread Spectrum
173
2
Spread Spectrum---Theory of Operation
175
1
ISM Spread Spectrum Applications
176
1
Other Applications
177
2
FCC Allocations
177
2
Mobile Telephony
179
1
Mobile Telephony Choices
179
4
Different Technologies
179
2
A World of Choices
181
1
The Next Generation
182
1
The Cellular Concept
183
4
Topology
183
1
Infrastructure
184
2
Mobility
186
1
Frequency Reuse and Air Interface
187
4
Frequency Reuse
187
1
Air Interface
188
3
Adding Capacity
191
4
Within a Cell
191
1
Uncovered Areas
192
3
Glossary
195
14
Appendix A---Acronyms
209
6
Appendix B---Specifications
215
4
Bibliography
219
2
About the Author
221
2
Index
223