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Tables of Contents for Brain Plasticity and Epilepsy
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Contributors
xv
 
Preface
xix
 
Acknowledgments
xxi
 
Mechanisms of Brain Plasticity: From Normal Brain Function to Pathology
Philip A. Schwartzkroin
Introduction
1
3
Relationships between Neuropathology and Plasticity
4
6
Summary
10
7
References
10
7
Brain Development and Generation of Brain Pathologies
Gregory L. Holmes
Bridget McCabe
Introduction
17
1
Timing of Brain Development and Pathology
17
5
Activity-Dependent Alterations in Brain Development and Function
22
12
Summary
34
9
References
35
8
Maturation of Channels and Receptors: Consequences for Excitability
David F. Owens
Arnold R. Kriegstein
Introduction
43
1
Neocortical Development
44
2
Neocortical Organization
46
3
Channels and Receptors
49
18
Synapse Maturation
67
2
Epilepsy
69
3
Concluding Remarks
72
17
References
73
16
Neuronal Activity and the Establishment of Normal and Epileptic Circuits during Brain Development
John W. Swann
Karen L. Smith
Chong L. Lee
Introduction
89
1
The Formation of Synaptic Connections
90
2
Activity-Dependent Remodeling of Connectivity: Underlying Mechanisms
92
3
Age-Dependent Changes in Seizure Susceptibility
95
1
The Ontogeny of Recurrent Excitation
96
1
Developmental Remodeling of CA3 Recurrent Excitatory Collaterals
97
3
Activity and the Formation of Epileptic Circuits
100
2
Hippocampal Local Circuit: Abnormalities Expressed in Vitro
102
2
Anatomical Abnormalities of CA3c Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells
104
3
Dendritic Spine loss: Hypothetical Mechanisms
107
6
Summary and Conclusions
113
6
References
114
5
The Effects of Seizures on the Hippocampus of the Immature Brain
Ellen F. Sperber
Solomon L. Moshe
Introduction
119
3
Identification of the Research Questions
122
1
Do Provoked Seizures Lead to Hippocampal Injury in the Normal Animal
123
6
Do Provoked Seizures Lead to Hippocampal Injury in the Neurologically Impaired Animal?
129
3
Can Recurrent Convulsions Accentuate Hippocampal Injury?
132
1
Summary and Future Direction
133
8
References
135
6
Abnormal Development and Catastrophic Epilepsies: The Clinical Picture and Relation to Neuroimaging
Harry T. Chugani
Diane C. Chugani
Introduction
141
1
Cerebral Dysgenesis
142
8
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
150
1
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
151
3
Conclusion
154
5
References
155
4
Cortical Reorganization and Seizure Generation in Dysplastic Cortex
G. Avanzini
R. Spreafico
S. Franceschetti
G. Sancini
G. Battaglia
V. Scaioli
Introduction
159
1
Circuitry Rearrangement in Human Dysplastic Tissue
160
2
Reorganization of Sensory Representation in Cerebral Dysgeneses
162
3
Aberrant Connectivity of Heterotopic Neurons in Rats Treated Prenatally with Methylazoxymethanol
165
4
Conclusions
169
4
References
171
2
Rasmussen's Syndrome with Particular Reference to Cerebral Plasticity: A Tribute to Frank Morrell
Frederick Andermann
Yvonne Hart
Introduction
173
3
Pathological Studies
176
1
Double Pathology in Rasmussen's Syndrome
177
1
Bilateral Hemispheric Involvement in Rasmussen's Syndrome
178
1
Early-Onset Bilateral and Familial Rasmussen's Syndrome
179
1
Rasmussen's Syndrome Developing in Adults or Adolescents
179
1
Etiology of Rasmussen's Syndrome
180
3
Diagnosis and Investigation
183
14
Clinical Course
197
1
Treatment
197
12
References
204
5
Structural Reorganization of Hippocampal Networks Caused by Seizure Activity
Daniel H. Lowenstein
Introduction
209
1
The Effects of Seizures on Neuronal Survival
210
7
The Effects of Seizures on Axonal Architecture
217
5
The Effects of Seizures on New Cell Birth
222
6
Conclusions
228
9
References
228
9
Epilepsy-Associated Plasticity in γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Expression, Function, and Inhibitory Synaptic Properties
Douglas A. Coulter
Introduction
237
3
Acute GABA Inhibitory Alterations during Status Epilepticus
240
1
Chronic GABA Inhibitory Alterations in Epileptic Hippocampus
241
6
Latent Period GABA Inhibitory Alterations in Hippocampus prior to the Onset of Spontaneous Seizures
247
1
Summary
248
5
References
249
4
Synaptic Plasticity and Secondary Epileptogenesis
Timothy J. Teyler
Steven L. Morgan
Rebecca N. Russell
Brian L. Woodside
Introduction
253
1
Synaptic Plasticity
254
1
Forms of Long-Term Potentiation
254
4
Role of Neurotrophins in Long-Term Potentiation and Epilepsy
258
2
Functional Significance of Two Forms of Long-Term Potentiation
260
1
Secondary Epileptogenesis
261
2
Possible Role of vdccLTP in Secondary Epileptogenesis
263
6
References
265
4
Synaptic Plasticity in Epileptogenesis: Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Long-Lasting Synaptic Modifications That Require New Gene Expression
Oswald Steward
Christopher S. Wallace
Paul F. Worley
Introduction
269
2
Long-Term Potentiation: A Paradigm for Elucidating the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Activity-Induced Epilepsy
271
3
Constraints on the Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Synaptic Modifications That Require Protein Synthesis
274
2
Synapse-Specific Gene Expression
276
2
Regulation of mRNA Translation at Synapses
278
3
Synaptic Regulation of mRNA Trafficking Dendrites
281
7
Lesson from the Study of Arc: A Cellular Basis for Protein Synthesis-Dependent Synaptic Modification
288
1
Activity-Induced Gene Expression: A Potential Target for Novel Therapeutic Interventions to Block Epileptogenesis
289
4
References
291
2
Cellular Correlates of Behavior
Emma R. Wood
Paul A. Dudchenko
Howard Eichenbaum
Introduction
293
1
Hippocampal Activity Reflects Spatial Regularities When Behavior Is Randomized
294
1
Hippocampal Cell Activity Is Influenced by Behavioral Regularities Occurring in a Given Location
295
2
Place Cells Can Fire in Multiple Locations in, the Same Environment
297
5
Can These Data Be Accounted for by the Traditional Spatial Hypothesis?
302
2
An Alternative Interpretation
304
2
One Test of the Regularity versus Spatial Mapping Accounts of Hippocampal Cell Coding
306
3
Summary and Closing Thoughts
309
4
References
309
4
Mechanisms of Neuronal Conditioning
David A. T. King
David J. Krupa
Michael R. Foy
Richard F. Thompson
Introduction
313
4
Cerebellar Cortical Lesions
317
1
The Locus of the Long Term Memory Trace in Eyeblink Conditioning
318
3
Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Activity
321
2
Purkinje Cell Complex-Spike Responses
323
2
Purkinje Cell Simple-Spike Responses
325
8
Conclusion
333
6
References
333
6
Plasticity in the Aging Central Nervous System
C. A. Barnes
Introduction
339
1
Induction of Long-Term Potentiation at the Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapse during Aging
340
1
Induction of Long-Term Potentiation at the Perforant Path-Granule Cell Synapse during Aging
341
1
Are There Really No Long-Term Potentiation Induction Deficits during Aging?
341
3
Are There Long-Term Potentiation Maintenance Deficits during Aging?
344
1
Correlations between Spatial Behavior and Hippocampal Plasticity
344
2
Pharmacological Modification of Long-Term Potentiation Persistence and Spatial Memory during Aging
346
1
Ensemble Recording Methods Used to Assess Behavior and Plasticity Mechanisms during Aging
346
3
Conclusion
349
6
References
350
5
Secondary Epileptogenesis, Kindling, and Intractable Epilepsy: A Reappraisal from the Perspective of Neural Plasticity
Thomas P. Sutula
Introduction
355
1
The Mirror Focus and Secondary Epileptogenesis
356
1
Does ``Secondary Epileptogenesis'' Occur in People?
357
1
Kindling: A Phenomenon of Neural Plasticity Producing Epileptogenesis
358
1
Potential Significance of the Mirror Focus, Secondary Epileptogenesis, and kindling for Human Epilepsy
359
1
Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Hippocampal Sclerosis
359
2
Kindling as Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
361
1
Cellular and Functional Alterations Observed in Intractable Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy are Induced by Kindling
362
12
Progressive Hippocampal Atrophy in Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Is Associated with Recurring Seizures
374
1
Seizure-Induced Circuit Plasticity and Kindling: Phenomena of Human Epileptogenesis?
375
1
Molecular Genetics of Activity-Induced and Seizure-Induced Plasticity: Implications for the Variability and Epidemiology of Epilepsy
376
1
Kindling: Seizure-Induced Circuit Plasticity That. Promotes Intractable Epilepsy?
377
10
References
379
8
Kindling and the Mirror Focus
Dan C. McIntyre
Michael O. Poulter
Introduction
387
1
Technical/Procedural Considerations
388
5
Discharge Features and Site of Stimulation
393
4
Ontogenetic Behavioral Measures
397
4
Molecular/Genetic Factors
401
8
References
404
5
Partial Kindling and Behavioral Pathologies
Robert E. Adamec
Introduction
409
2
Studies Involving Cats
411
14
Effects of Amygdala Kindling and Low-Frequency Stimulation on Rodent Defensive Response
425
5
Conclusions
430
5
References
431
4
The Mirror Focus and Secondary Epileptogenesis
B. J. Wilder
Introduction
435
2
Comparative Studies of Cortical and Subcortical Secondary Epileptogenesis
437
4
Summary and Comments
441
6
References
444
3
Hippocampal Lesions in Epilepsy: A Historical Review
Robert Naquet
Introduction
447
1
From the 19th Century to the End of the 1950s
448
4
From the 1970s to the Present
452
6
Conclusions: From Animal Data to Febrile Convulsions, Hippocampal Lesions, and ``Temporal Lobe Epilepsy'' in Humans
458
11
References
460
9
Clinical Evidence for Secondary Epileptogenesis
Hans O. Luders
Introduction
469
1
Definitions
469
1
Stages of Secondary Epileptogenesis
470
1
Acute Secondary Epileptogenesis in Humans
471
2
Chronic Secondary Epileptogenesis in Humans
473
4
Conclusions
477
4
References
479
2
Epilepsy as a Progressive (or Nonprogressive ``Benign'') Disorder
John A. Wada
Introduction
481
6
Phylogenesis and Substrate of Kindling Landmarks
487
2
Primary Site Amygdaloid Kindling
489
4
Distant Effect of Primary Site Kindling: Secondary Site Amygdaloid Kindling
493
2
Durability of Kindled Susceptibility
495
1
Discussion
496
9
References
500
5
Pathophysiological Aspects of Landau--Kleffner Syndrome: From the Active Epileptic Phase to Recovery
Marie-Noelle Metz-Lutz
Pierre Maquet
Anne De Saint Martin
Gabrielle Rudolf
Norma Wioland
Edouard Hirsch
Christian Marescaux
Introduction
505
2
Clinical and Pathophysiological Aspects of the Active Epileptic Period
507
8
Neuropsychological and Neurophysiological Features after Recovery of Epilepsy
515
5
Discussion
520
4
Conclusion
524
3
References
525
2
Local Pathways of Seizure Propagation in Neocortex
Barry W. Connors
David J. Pinto
Albert E. Telfeian
Introduction
527
1
Axonal Arbors of the Neocortex
528
3
Physiology of Local Neocortical Synapses
531
1
Seizure Initiation and the Minimal Epileptogenic Volume
532
2
Seizure Propagation: Characteristics
534
3
Seizure Propagation: Pathways
537
4
Conclusions
541
6
References
542
5
Multiple Subpial Transection: A Clinical Assessment
C. E. Polkey
Introduction
547
2
Experimental Basis of Multiple Subpial Transection
549
2
Indications for Multiple Subpial Transection
551
3
Technique
554
3
Outcome
557
9
Discussion
566
1
Conclusion
567
4
References
567
4
The Legacy of Frank Morrell
Jerome Engel, Jr.
Introduction
571
5
Brain Plasticity and Mechanisms of Learning
576
2
Brain Plasticity and Experimental Epilepsy
578
3
Secondary Epileptogenesis
581
3
Clinical Studies
584
3
The Legacy of Frank Morrell
587
4
References
587
4
Index
591